摘要： 应用群落生态学结构变化特征的研究方法，研究了小麦与油菜、荷兰豆间作和单作麦田3种栽培模式条件下对麦田麦蚜及主要天敌群落的影响。结果表明，捕食性天敌的丰盛度和昆虫群落的稳定性，麦套荷兰豆最高，其次为麦套油菜田、单作麦田最低；麦套荷兰豆田麦蚜亚群落稳定性较好，单作麦田捕食性天敌亚群落的稳定性较好。麦蚜亚群落主要特征值分析表明，多样性指数和均匀度为：麦套荷兰豆>单作麦田>麦套油菜，优势度和优势集中性指数为：麦套油菜>单作麦田>麦套荷兰豆；主要捕食性天敌亚群落的多样性指数和均匀度为：单作麦田>麦套油菜>麦套荷兰豆，优势度和优势集中性指数为：麦套荷兰豆田>麦套油菜田>单作麦田。

关键词: 小麦, 套作, 麦蚜, 捕食性天敌, 群落

Abstract: Based on the dynamic analysis of community structure characteristics, the effects of different intercropping models on wheat aphids and their predators were studied in this paper. Three intercropping models were used: Model Ⅰ: wheat intercropping tonka-beans; Model Ⅱ: wheat intercropping cole; Model Ⅲ: monoculture of wheat. The results showed that the richness of predators and the stability of insect communities ranked as follows: Model Ⅰ>Model Ⅱ>Model Ⅲ. The most stability of wheat aphid sub-communities and predator sub-communities were detected in wheat intercropping tonka-beans field and in monoculture wheat field, respectively. The other characteristics of wheat aphid sub-communities ranked as follows: Model Ⅰ> Model Ⅲ>Model Ⅱ for Diversity index and evenness, and Model Ⅱ>Model Ⅲ>Model Ⅰ for Dominance and Dominant concentrations. For predator sub-communities, Model Ⅲ>Model Ⅱ>Model Ⅰ for diversity indexes and evenness, and Model Ⅰ>Model Ⅱ>Model Ⅲ for dominance and dominant concentrations.

Key words: Wheat, Intercropping, Wheat aphid, Predator, Community

中图分类号: 

• S512.01