摘要： 为了提高京郊山地旱作区农作物产量, 以延庆县为例, 依据农户调查、田间试验和数学模型等方法, 从作物生长期间降水状况、作物生长发育与降水分布的时序关系、农田水分供需平衡与作物生态适应性判定和作物水分利用效率等方面, 对京郊山地旱作区主要作物生态适应性进行了系统评价.结果表明:不同作物降水利用状况存在明显差异, 其规律是:多年生苜蓿>春玉米>春大豆>春谷子>马铃薯.5种作物中春玉米、春谷子和春大豆生长发育与降水分布耦合性较好, 马铃薯和多年生苜蓿生长发育与降水分布耦合性较差.农田作物水分满足率和生态适应性指数, 种春作物排序依次为:春玉米>春谷子>春大豆>马铃薯.水分利用效率依次为春玉米>苜蓿>春谷子>春大豆>马铃薯.研究结果可为京郊山地旱作区制定合理的种植制度提供理论依据.

关键词: 山地旱作区, 水分生态适应性指数, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Based on the results of survey, field experimentation and model calculation, from the rainfall use during crops growth stage, the time-sequence relationship between crops growth and rainfall distribution, water supply-demand balance, water ecological adaptability index and water use efficiency. Water ecological adaptability of crops in mountainous arid area in suburb of Beijing was evaluated through a case study in Yanqing county. Results showed that there were differences in rainfall use among crops, the order being: perennial alfalfaspring cornspring soybeanspring milletpotato. Spring corn, spring millet and spring soybean were superior to potato and alfalfa in coupling characteristics between crop growth and rainfall distribution. Water satiety rate and water ecological adaptability could be put in order of spring cornspring milletspring soybeanpotato. There were also differences in water use efficiency, the order being: spring cornperennial alfalfa spring millet spring soybean potato. The study results may provide theoretic basis for drawing up the cropping system in mountainous and arid area in the suburb of Beijing.

Key words: Mountainous and arid area, Water ecological adaptability index, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S5.07