摘要： 在游离小孢子培养过程中认为子房共培养可显著地提高游离小孢子胚状体愈伤率和再生率，子房共培养以20个子房为宜。低温子房共培养胚状体发生和愈伤率低，但绿苗分化率较高，施加PAA、谷氨酰胺对游离小孢子形成的胚状体有促进作用。麦芽糖是游离小孢子培养最好的碳源，以蔗糖、葡萄糖以及葡萄糖和果糖搭配作碳源均未获得胚状体。检查培养3d后的小孢子活力发现，唯有麦芽糖作碳源培养的小孢子有活力；认为高浓度的蔗糖、葡萄糖以及葡萄糖加果糖对小孢子有毒害作用。当葡萄糖浓度达到2.0mmol/L时就对小孢子有毒害作用且致死。当在麦芽糖培养基中培养1d后加入高浓度的葡萄糖发现小孢子存有活力，而且随着起始培养天数的增加活力也增加。对Y77品系来讲，适宜小孢子培养的麦芽糖浓度为0.12mol/L。饥饿和热激（33℃）预处理对游离小孢子培养有促进胚状体和愈伤形成的作用。

关键词: 小麦, 游离小孢子培养, 诱导率

Abstract: The rate of callus and regeneration can be lifted dramatically by ovary co culture during isolated microspore incubation.The optimum number of ovaries in co culture is 20 Low temperature in ovary co culture can result in low callus rate and induce high green plant rate.By adding PAA and glutamine into C17A,the callus derived from microspores can be improved.Maltose is the best carbohydrate source in isolated microspore culture.No calli was induced on the medium of sucrose,glucose and the mixture of glucose and fructose as carbohydrate source.Some of the microspores incubated for 3 days existed only in the maltose medium.Therefore,we conclude that sucrose,glucose and fructose are toxic to microspores.When the glucose concentration is up to 20 mmol/L,it causes microspore death when adding high-concentration-glucose into maltose medium,some of microspores incubated for 1 day have viability,and the viability is increased as the incabation time is prolonged.The optimum maltose concetration in microspores culture is 0.12 mol/L for Y77.Pre treatment by starvation and heat shock(33 ℃)have beneficial effects on callus formation.

Key words: Wheat, Isolated microspore culture, Induced rate

中图分类号: 

• S12.103