摘要： 采用二倍体胚和三倍体胚乳种子遗传模型及其分析方法，以5个玉米自交系及其间配制的F₁，F₂，BC₁，BC₂为材料，研究了5个玉米种子性状的胚直接效应、胚乳直接效应、母体效应和细胞质效应。结果表明，除粒宽外，各性状的遗传同时由细胞质效应和胚、胚乳、母体基因效应所控制，百粒重主要受胚乳和母体效应的影响，粒长的遗传以母体效应为主，粒宽和粒厚以胚乳效应为主。各部位子粒百粒重的胚乳直接加性效应与母体加性效应的协方差达到显著或极显著水平，其余性状的胚、胚乳直接效应与母体效应间的协方差均不显著，通过母体植株的遗传表现可以对这些性状进行有效的选择。在提高百粒重的玉米育种中，以任一部位子粒百粒重作为选择标准可起到相同的选择效果，直接选择粒宽的分离类型，有利于获得大粒的遗传材料。S₂₂是改良百粒重的优良亲本。

关键词: 普通玉米, 种子性状, 遗传方差和协方差, 遗传相关, 遗传效应

Abstract: The embryo, endosperm and cytoplasm effects of five seed traits were studied by genetic model for diploid embryo and triploid endosperm plant seeds using five inbreds and their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The estimates of genetic variance components indicated that the inheritance of all other kernel traits were controlled by the four effects otherwise kernel width. Endosperm and maternal effects were the main ones for 100-kernel weight, and the maternal one for kernel length, the endosperm one for kernel width and kernel thick. Except for the significant orhighly significant covariances between the endosperm direct additive and maternal additive effects for 100-kernel weight, all other ones between the embryo or endosperm direct effect and the maternal one were not significant. So, maize inbreds could be developed by direct selection based on maternal plants for these traits. In the corn breeding forhigh kernel weight, similar selection result could be obtained using the 100-kernel weight of any ear part as selection criteria, and direct selection for types withhigh kernel width could make it easier to obtain genetic materials withhigh kernel weight. S₂₂ was the best inbred for the improvement for kernel weight in this study.

Key words: Normal maize, Seed trait, Genetic variance and covariance, Genetic correlation, Genetic effects

中图分类号: 

• S513.032