摘要： 探究甘蓝型油菜化学诱导型雄性不育(CIMS)和细胞质雄性不育(CMS)杂交种间遗传效应的差异,为利用CIMS和CMS途径进行油菜超高产育种提供依据。以3个甘蓝型油菜CMS和同核CIMS与4个恢复系按照ACII不完全双列杂交(3×4)配制2套同核异质杂交种及其亲本为试验材料,进行了连续2年的田间试验,将29个性状指标划分为农艺、产量、品质3类性状,利用QGA Station Microsoft分析软件中的加-显性(AD)模型进行了统计分析,结果表明：与同核CIMS杂种比较,CMS杂种农艺、产量和品质性状的加性方差分别高21.85%,72.11%,13.48%,显性方差分别高3.58%,94.44%,56.90%,加性方差比率分别高39.29%,8.94%,-7.05%;显性方差比率分别高15.83%,4.30%,89.97%。CIMS杂种与同核CMS杂种间在F₁的差异大小为农艺性状 > 产量性状 > 品质性状,在F₂为产量性状 > 农艺性状 > 品质性状;在F₁、F₂,与同核CIMS杂种比较,CMS杂种的群体平均优势农艺性状分别低31.61%,32.74%,产量性状高72.82%,76.95%,品质性状指标则低58.81%,22.63%;在F₁、F₂,CMS杂种的群体超亲优势为农艺性状分别低75.35%,76.33%,产量性状低47.53%,32.90%,品质性状高14.09%,20.53%。CMS杂种的农艺性状、产量性状的狭义遗传率则分别比CIMS杂种高47.77%,54.31%。CMS不育细胞质对油菜杂种的性状产生了影响,且不同性状受到的影响程度不同;即CMS杂种的性状受亲本基因型的控制程度高于CIMS杂种;对CMS杂种的亲本应在早期世代加强选择,主要利用亲本的一般配合力(加性效应)进行选择,而CIMS杂种的亲本则应在高世代加强选择;亲本的性状和亲本的特殊配合力(显性效应)对2类杂交种的表现都有较大影响,因而亲本的选配对杂种的表现有很大的决定性。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 化学诱导型杂种, 同核细胞质雄性不育杂种, 遗传效应, 比较

Abstract: In order to explore the difference of hereditary effects between the hybrids produced by chemical induced male sterility (CIMS) and cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) of Brassica napus and provide theoretical foundation for super high yield breeding of rapeseed by CIMS and CMS, two hybrids with heterocytonic and homonuclear produced by three groups of homonuclear CIMS and CMS and four restorer lines according to incomplete diallel cross of ACII (3×4) were chosen and the field experiment was proceeded for two years.29 traits indexes which were divided into agriculture, yield and quality were analyzed on hereditary effect by additive-dominance model of QGA Station Microsoft statistical approach.The results indicated that:The additive variance of agriculture, yield and quality traits of CMS hybrid were higher than CIMS hybrid by 21.85%, 72.11%, 13.48%.The dominance variance of CMS hybrid were higher than CIMS hybrid by 3.58%, 94.44%, 56.90%.The additive variance ratio of CMS hybrid were higher than CIMS hybrid by 39.29%, 8.94%, -7.05%.The dominance variance ratio of CMS hybrid were higher than CIMS hybrid by 15.83%, 4.30%, 89.97%;The difference between CMS and CIMS hybrid was agriculture > yield > quality in F₁ and was yield > agriculture > quality in F₂;In F₁ and F₂, the heterosis of mean population of agriculture trait of CMS hybrid were lower than CIMS hybrid by 31.61% and 32.74%.The heterosis of mean population of yield trait was higher by 72.82% and 76.95%.The heterosis of mean population of quality trait was lower by 58.81% and 22.63%.The heterosis of better parents of agriculture trait of CMS hybrid was lower than CIMS hybrid by 75.35% and 76.33%.The heterosis of better parents of quality trait was lower by 47.53% and 32.90%, the heterosis of better parents of quality trait were higher by 14.09% and 20.53%.The narrow heritability ratios of agriculture and yield trait of CMS hybrid were higher than CIMS hybrid by 47.77% and 54.31%;sterile cytoplasm of CMS influenced the traits of rapeseed hybrid and the influence degrees of different traits were not same.The dominated degree of CMS hybrid by genotype was higher than that of CIMS hybrid.So selection of the parents of CMS hybrid should be strengthened in early generation to and general combining ability (additive effect) was mainly used on this selection.The trait and special combining ability (dominant effect) had a greater influence on phenotype of hybrid.That is to say, parental selection determined the phenotype of hybrid largely.

Key words: Brassica napus, Hybrid by chemical induced male sterility, Isonuclear cytoplasm male sterility hybrid, Hereditary effects, Comparison

中图分类号: 

• S635.03