摘要： 利用以春小麦品种AprilBearded为背景的含有不同矮秆基因Rht1、Rht2、Rht3、Rht1+Rht2和Rht2+Rht3的5个近等基因系，研究了不同矮秆基因对小麦生长发育的作用。结果表明：Rht1半矮秆基因显着缩短了小麦植株生长发育进程，促进了地上部干物质积累，加大了旗叶面积和倒二叶面积，提高了单株成穗率，减少了无效分蘖；Rht2半矮秆基因显着增大了倒二叶面积，提高了单株成穗率和穗长，减少了无效分蘖；Rht3矮秆基因显着加大了旗叶面积，但对地上部干物质的积累、单株成穗和穗长均有显着的负向作用；Rht1+Rht2基因结合没有突出的优势存在：Rht2和Rht3基因结合对有利于提高小麦产量性状的作用均为负向最大；上述3种矮秆基因及其不同的结合形式均有显着的使茎秆矮化的作用。因此认为Rht1半矮秆基因在小麦育种中利用价值较大，Rht3矮秆基因利用价值则较小。

关键词: 春小麦, 矮秆基因, 半矮秆基因, 近等基因系, 生长特性

Abstract: The effects of different dwarfing genes on the development of spring wheat plants was studied by using 5 near isogenic lines carrying the Rht1,Rht2 and Rht3 dwarfing genes,singlely and in combination in one genetic background of spring wheat (April Bearded).Results showed that Rht1 semi dwarfing gene could shorten the development process of wheat plant,increase the accumulation of dry matter per plant above ground,enlarge both the flag leaf area and the area of the boot leaf,enhance the spike number per plant,and decrease ineffectual tillers per plant.Rht2 semi dwarfing gene enlarged the area of boot leaf,increased significantly the spike number per plant and spike length,and decreased ineffectual tillers per plant.Rht3 dwarfing gene enlarged flag leaf area,but it showed negative effects on the accumulation of dry matter per plant above ground,spike number per plant and spike length.The combination of Rht1 and Rht2 genes had no significant advantages.The combination of Rht2 and Rht3 genes showed significantly negative effects on the traits which may help to enhance grain yield.All the genes mentioned above and their different combinations had significantly negative effect on plant height.Therefore,it was considered that Rht1 semi dwarfing gene has high value and Rht3 dwarfing gene has low value in wheat breeding.

Key words: Winter wheat, Dwarfing gene, Semi dwarfing gene, Near isogenic line, Agronomic characteristic

中图分类号: 

• S512.103