摘要： 用不同生态来源的6个早熟大豆品种进行完全双列杂交,研究F₁、F₂单株产量等性状的亲子关系、杂种优势,配合力、M·S·g/M·S·s值、遗传力、相关系数。结果表明,早熟大豆杂种F₁、F₂单株产量等性状介于双亲之间,与双亲值、中亲值密切相关;F₂出现超亲分离,分离幅度、杂种优势、特殊配合力效应与双亲生态差异有关,单株粒重与鼓粒—成熟期密切相关,与开花—鼓粒期相关不显著,因此缩短开花—鼓粒期是提高大豆杂种后代早熟高产性的关键。

关键词: 大豆, 生态型, 早熟性, 高产性

Abstract: A complete diallel cross was carried out among 6 early-maturing soybean varieties that belonged to different ecological types. The results indicated that the main characters such as the yield per plant of F₁ and F₂ generations wcrebetwcen those of the parents and significantly possitively correlated to the parents and mid-parent values.Super-parent segregation was found in the F₂ generation. The segregating range, heterosis and effect of the special combining ability were related with the ecological differences of parents. The genetic correlation of the seed weight per plant with the flowering-maturing mainly depends not upon flowering-swelling stage, but upon the effect of the swelling-maturing stage. Therefore, the soybean varieties of early maturity and high ycild could be selected through contracting the flowering-swelling stage.

Key words: Soybean, Ecological type, Early maturity, High yield