摘要： 对河南省及部分黄淮麦区种植的小麦高产品种的冠层形态、生理和产量性状相关分析和遗传分析的结果表明,小麦旗叶面积与主茎粒重、主茎粒数和每穗粒重呈显著正相关.穗下节长度和粗度与主茎粒重有显著的正相关.千粒重、旗叶长度、面积、基角、开张角和鞘长,穗下节长、颈长、穗长以及旗叶持续光合面积的遗传符合简单的加性显性模型.穗下节粗度和主茎粒重存在“互补型”的非等位基因互作.株高、旗叶宽、比叶重、叶绿素含量和主茎粒数似有基因的非随机分布.净光合速率的遗传则可能存在复杂因素.此外,对30个高产小麦品种的旗叶和穗下节形态作了分类.

关键词: 小麦, 冠层性状, 遗传分析, 高产

Abstract: Relative and genetic analysis were done on canopy morphology, physiology and yield character of high yielding wheat cultivars grown in Henan province and Yellow-river valley.The results indicated that the highly positive relations between flag-leaf area and main spike kernel weight, kernal numbers and kernal weight per spike existed. The peduncle length and diameter showed high positively relation with main spike kernel weight.The following traits coincided with the simple additive-dominance model of gene action, such as. 1000-grain weight, flag-leaf length, area, basal angle, and open angle, sheath length, peduncle length, extrusion length, spike length, and flag-leaf photosythensis area duration. "Complementary genes" type of non-allelic interactions was indicated in peduncle diameter and main spike kernel weight, whearas non-random gene distribution seemed to be present for plant height, flag-leaf width, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content and main spike numbers. Furthermore, complicated factors may exist in the genetic of the net photosynthetic rate (NPR).Additionally, 30 high-yielding wheat cultivars were classified according to the morphology of flag-leaf and peduncle.

Key words: Wheat, Canopy character, Genetic analysis, High yield