Abstract: According to the theory of mathematical statisties, the possibility of W. A.Shewhart's the diagram of the quality control used to analyse results of agricultural experiments instead of analysis of variance is studied.On the basis of the aim characteristic values of the experimental results,three control lines of statistics were designed, a central line, a upper control limit, a lower control limit in right angle coordinates. Then the average of samples was drawed on the control diagram. If the point of the average is inside control region, the factor would not influence the aim characteristic value significantly. If the point is outside control region it would have significant influence. This method was used over twenty experiments, the results were equle to that of analysis of variance. The method is not only easy to learn but also simply to calculate.

Key words: Diagram of the quality control, Aim characteristic values, Control region