摘要： 为明确苗期玉米遭受不同时间淹涝胁迫后形态特征的变化,基于春玉米州玉2号2014年大田渍涝模拟试验前后株高、绿叶数,抽雄期株高、雄花长度、分枝数,乳熟期茎秆粗等形态特征数据,利用数理统计方法,分析苗期不同阶段(三叶期、七叶期)遭受不同持续时间的渍涝灾害影响后株型、花型等形态特征的变化特点.试验结果表明:渍涝处理前后,不同苗期阶段的株高变化率均与对照存在显著性差异.三叶期渍涝时间持续5.2 d,七叶期4.4 d,植株株高开始负增长.三叶期渍涝持续7.5 d或以上,七叶期5.0 d或以上,对玉米后期的恢复生长不太有利.2个渍涝处理阶段,叶片变化率均与渍涝持续时间呈二次曲线关系.三叶期渍涝持续时间2.1 d以上,七叶期持续1.1 d以上,叶片增长速度减少或为负增长.三叶期渍涝持续14 d,七叶期13 d,绿叶数为零.苗期渍涝持续时间与乳熟期的茎秆粗细存在极显著相关关系.2个阶段均是渍涝持续10 d,乳熟期的茎秆粗低于10 cm.相同渍涝持续时间,三叶期遭遇渍涝灾害后的玉米雄花长度、分枝数与七叶期差异显著.雄花长度及分枝数与苗期渍涝持续时间呈二次曲线关系.三叶期的渍涝持续14 d,玉米雄花不再有分枝数,七叶期渍涝持续9.3 d时,分枝数最少.可为南方春玉米渍涝灾害评价指标的制定以及春玉米抗灾品种的选育提供科学依据.

关键词: 玉米, 苗期渍涝, 绿叶数, 雄花长度, 分枝数

Abstract: In order to clear changes in morphological characteristics of maize after different time submergence stress treatment in seedling stage,In this paper,we based on spring corn Zhouyu 2 number water-logging simulation test in 2014,observed plant height,leaf number before and after water-logging test,plant height,length of male flowers,male branch number of tasseling stage and milky stage coarse stems and other morphological data.Used the mathematical statistics method to analysis the features of plant type,pattern and other morphological in different seedling stage(three-leaf stage,seven-leaf stage)and subjected different duration time water-logging disasters.The results showed that:Before and after water-logging treatment,about height variation rate,there were significant differences between different stages and control.Water-logging lasted 5.2 days in three-leaf stage,4.4 days in seven-leaf stage,plant height began to negative growth.Water-logging continued 7.5 days or more in three-leaf stage,5.0 days or more in seven-leaf stage was not too good for late recovery growth of corn.Two water-logging processing stage,leaf blade rate had a quadratic curve relationship with water-logging duration.Water-logging duration above 2.1 days in three-leaf stage,more than 1.1 days in seven-leaf stage,leaf growth rate began to decrease or negative growth.Water-logging continued 14 days in three-leaf stage,13 days in seven-leaf stage,green leaves was zero.Seedling water-logging duration had significantly positively correlation with stem thickness of milking stage.Two phases were water-logging lasted 10 days,stem crude lower than 10 cm.Same water-logging duration time,about corn male length and branch number after water-logging disaster,Three-leaf stage had significantly difference with seven-leaf stage.Male flowers length and branch number had quadratic curve relation with water-logging duration time.Water-logging duration time lasted 14 days in three-leaf stag,male flowers would have no branch number,lasted 9.3 days in seven-leaf stage,branching number was least.Conclusions of this study could provide a scientific basis for the development of spring corn water-logging evaluation of the South as well as spring maize varieties breeding of disaster.

Key words: Corn, Seedling water-logging, Number of green leaves, Male flowers length, Branch number

中图分类号: 

• S513.03