摘要：

棉铃疫病是我国黄河流域和长江流域棉区的主要病害之一,其发病率及危害性均居棉铃病害之首。以适于河北省种植、基因型差异较大的10个棉花品种(系)为试验材料,探究棉铃疫病在河北省不同区域的发生情况以及与棉花15个表型性状之间的关系。2023,2024年的田间试验结果显示,棉铃疫病在年度、地区、品种间均存在差异。棉铃疫病发生程度2024年高于2023年,衡水地区低于邯郸、石家庄。冀棉30棉铃疫病抗性最强,棉铃疫病发生率为8.75%;其次是322系,棉铃疫病发生率为9.69%;冀1316棉铃疫病抗性最差,棉铃疫病发生率为13.48%,明显高于其他品种。棉铃疫病发生程度与第一果枝高度呈极显著负相关,与第一/第二/第三果枝棉铃疫病发生数、果枝节位、果枝长度、第一/第二果枝夹角、株高、果枝数、单株成铃数呈极显著正相关,与第三果枝夹角呈显著正相关;与开花期早晚呈极显著正相关,与全生育期长短呈显著正相关。因此,在抗棉铃疫病品种选育过程中应把开花期略晚、第一果枝高度高、果枝长度稍短作为重要的选择指标。从高产优质栽培角度来看,适当晚播、全程化控、塑造第一果枝高度较高、果枝长度中等、株型较紧凑的理想株型,提高棉田通透性,不仅可以减少棉铃疫病的发生,而且更有利于机械化采收。

关键词: 棉花, 棉铃疫病, 表型性状

Abstract:

Cotton boll blight is one of the major diseases in the cotton areas of the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins in China.Its incidence rate and harmfulness rank first among cotton boll blight.This study used 10 cotton varieties(lines)suitable for planting in Hebei Province with significant genotype differences as experimental materials to explore the occurrence of cotton boll blight in different regions of Hebei Province and its relationship with 15 phenotypic traits of cotton.The results of field experiments in 2023 and 2024 showed that there were differences in cotton boll blight among years,regions and varieties.The occurrence degree of cotton boll blight in 2024 was higher than that in 2023,and that in Hengshui area was lower than that in Handan and Shijiazhuang.Jimian 30 had the strongest resistance to cotton boll blight,and the incidence of cotton boll blight was 8.75%.The second was Line 322,and the incidence of cotton boll blight was 9.69%.The resistance of Ji 1316 to cotton boll blight was the worst,and the incidence of cotton boll blight was 13.48%,which was significantly higher than that of other varieties.The occurrence degree of cotton boll blight was significantly negatively correlated with the height of the first fruit branch,and significantly positively correlated with the number of cotton boll blight,fruit branch node,fruit branch length,first/second fruit branch angle,plant height,fruit branch number and boll number per plant of the first/second/third fruit branch,and significantly positively correlated with the angle of the third fruit branch.There was a very significant positive correlation with the flowering period and a significant positive correlation with the length of the whole growth period.Therefore,in the breeding process of cotton boll blight resistant varieties,the late flowering period,the high height of the first fruit branch and the short length of the fruit branch should be taken as important selection indicators.From the perspective of high-yield and high-quality cultivation,proper late sowing,whole-process chemical control,shaping the ideal plant type with high first fruit branch height,medium fruit branch length,and compact plant type,and improving the permeability of cotton fields can not only reduce the occurrence of cotton boll blight,but also be more conducive to mechanized harvesting.

Key words: Cotton, Cotton boll blight, Phenotypic character

中图分类号: 

• S562

• S435.62