不同施氮量下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和组分变化特征

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195839

华北农学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 127-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195839

所属专题： 水稻；土壤肥料；盐碱胁迫；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

不同施氮量下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和组分变化特征

戴相林¹^,², 马瑞萍¹, 李皓¹, 孙建平¹, 山楠³, 赵子婧¹, 刘雅辉¹, 姚玉涛¹, 艾超⁴, 李玉义²^,⁴, 董磊明⁵

¹ 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所,唐山市水稻育种重点实验室,河北唐山 063200
² 国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心,山东东营 257300
³ 唐山学院新材料与化学工程学院,河北唐山 063000
⁴ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081
⁵ 唐山市曹妃甸区气象局,河北唐山 063200

收稿日期:2025-02-17 出版日期:2025-12-31
通讯作者:
刘雅辉(1979—),女,河北唐山人,研究员,硕士,主要从事盐碱地改良利用研究。
作者简介:
戴相林(1986—),男,河北唐山人,副研究员,博士,主要从事盐碱地养分资源利用与管理研究。
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2023301032); 河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2024010201); 河北省农林科学院科技创新专项项目(2022KJCXZX-BHS-6); 唐山市科技计划项目(22130207H)

Characteristics of Rice Straw Decomposition,Nutrient Release,and Compositional Changes under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Coastal Saline Paddy Soils

DAI Xianglin¹^,², MA Ruiping¹, LI Hao¹, SUN Jianping¹, SHAN Nan³, ZHAO Zijing¹, LIU Yahui¹, YAO Yutao¹, AI Chao⁴, LI Yuyi²^,⁴, DONG Leiming⁵

¹ Institute of Coastal Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Tangshan Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding,Tangshan 063200,China
² National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land,Dongying 257300,China
³ School of New Materials and Chemical Engineering,Tangshan University,Tangshan 063000,China
⁴ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China
⁵ Caofeidian Meteorological Bureau,Tangshan 063200,China

Received:2025-02-17 Published:2025-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 阐明不同施氮水平下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和化学组分变化规律,以期为完善滨海稻区秸秆还田技术,实现滨海区域秸秆资源高效利用,提供科学依据和技术支撑。试验地点位于河北省唐山市曹妃甸区,以水稻秸秆为研究对象,设置4个施氮量水平:N0(0 kg/hm²)、N1(225 kg/hm²)、N2(300 kg/hm²)和N3(375 kg/hm²),进行360 d的秸秆包填埋试验,研究水稻秸秆及其木质纤维素腐解率和氮、磷、钾养分释放特征。结合热裂解气相色谱质谱联用(Py-GC-MS)技术,探究腐解期秸秆主要化学组分变化规律。结果表明:水稻秸秆可分为快速腐解期(第0~30 天)、腐解减缓期(第30~210天)和腐解缓慢期(第210~360天)3个阶段。360 d后不同施氮量处理下的秸秆平均腐解率为72.5%。增加施氮量可显著提高秸秆腐解率。与N0处理相比,N1、N2和N3处理,分别提高秸秆腐解率6.1,7.4,9.2百分点。秸秆碳释放率与秸秆腐解率变化趋势类似,但试验结束后碳释放率仅为43.2%。秸秆养分释放率表现为:钾>磷>氮。秸秆氮、磷和钾快速释放期,分别在秸秆腐解后的第0~30天(38.4%),0~60天(63.7%),0~15天(76.7%)。秸秆氮、磷在腐解期内均出现了富集现象。施氮可显著提高腐解期内秸秆氮的释放,腐解早期(第0~15天)和后期(第150~360天)磷的释放,以及腐解早期(第0~15天)钾的释放。与N0处理相比,N1、N2和N3处理,分别提高秸秆氮释放率6.6,11.1,14.7百分点,秸秆磷释放率2.2,4.0,5.6百分点和秸秆钾释放率1.4,2.1,2.8百分点。秸秆木质纤维素腐解率表现为:半纤维素>纤维素>木质素。增施氮肥可显著促进第0~90天秸秆纤维素和半纤维素腐解率,以及第90天后的木质素腐解率。与N0处理相比,N1、N2和N3处理,分别提高秸秆纤维素腐解率5.4,7.3,8.4百分点,半纤维素腐解率4.9,6.4,7.4百分点,木质素腐解率2.1,5.1,5.7百分点。2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚、羟基丙酮、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、乙酰丁香酮、丁香酚、正十六烷酸、对甲基苯酚、2,6-二甲氧基苯酚、愈创木酚、对乙基苯酚和豆甾-3,5-二烯,为腐解期内秸秆残留物的主要(相对含量>1%)化学组分。相关性分析表明,秸秆腐解率、碳释放率及纤维素、半纤维素和木质素腐解率,均与丁香酚、乙酰丁香酮、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃显著正相关,而与羟基丙酮显著负相关;秸秆磷释放率与羟基丙酮显著正相关,而与对乙基苯酚、丁香酚和乙酰丁香酮显著负相关;秸秆钾释放率与对乙基苯酚、丁香酚、乙酰丁香酮和2,3-二氢苯并呋喃显著正相关,而与羟基苯酮显著负相关。综上所述,增施氮肥能够促进滨海盐渍稻田秸秆及其木质纤维素腐解和氮、磷和钾养分的释放。推荐滨海盐渍土秸秆还田10 500 kg/hm²下的优化施氮量为300 kg/hm²。秸秆残余物中对乙基苯酚、丁香酚、乙酰丁香酮、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃、羟基丙酮和豆甾-3,5-二烯,对指示秸秆腐解进程具有重要意义。热裂解气相色谱质谱联用技术,有助于通过监测秸秆残留物化学组分变化,加深对秸秆腐解机制的认识。

关键词: 水稻秸秆腐解, 施氮量, 滨海盐渍稻田, 养分释放, 热裂解气相色谱质谱联用, 秸秆化学组分

Abstract:

To clarify the alterations of rice straw decomposition,nutrients release and chemical components in coastal saline paddy soils under different nitrogen (N) application rate,for optimizing the technology of straw returning and realizing the efficient utilization of straw resources in coastal areas.The experimental site was located in Caofeidian District,Tangshan City,Hebei Province.The decomposition characteristics of rice straw and its lignocellulose,as well as the nutrient release characteristics of N,phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were studied,using a 360-day straw-bag burying method with four different N fertilizer levels,including N0 (0 kg/ha),N1 (225 kg/ha),N2 (300 kg/ha) and N3 (375 kg/ha).Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) method was used to study the dynamic alterations of principal chemical components of the rice straw residues.The results showed that:the decomposition period of rice straw was divided into three stages,namely,rapid decomposition (0—30 d),slow decomposition (30—210 d) and slow decomposition (210—360 d),and the average decomposition rate of rice straw was 72.5% after 360 days with different N application rates.Increasing N application significantly increased the decomposition rate of rice straw.Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2 and N3 treatments,increased the straw decomposition rate by 6.1, 7.4 and 9.2 percentage points,respectively.The trend of straw carbon (C) release rate was similar to that of straw decomposition rate,while the C release rate was only 43.2% at the end of the experiment.The nutrient release rates of rice straw were as follows:K>P>N.The N,P and K rapid release periods of rice straw was in the 0—30th (38.4%),0—60th (63.7%) and 0—15th (76.7%) days after straw decomposition,respectively.Both N and P of rice straw were enriched during the decomposition period.N application significantly increased the release of N from straw during the decomposition period,P in the early (0—15 d) and late (150—360 d) period,and K in the early period (0—15 d).Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments,increased the straw N release by 6.6, 11.1, and 14.7 percentage points,P release by 2.2, 4.0, and 5.6 percentage points,and K release by 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 percentage points,respectively.The lignocellulose decomposition rates of rice straw were as follows:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin.Increasing N application significantly promoted the cellulose and hemicellulose decomposition rate of rice straw from day 0—90 and the lignin decomposition rate after day 90.Compared with the N0 treatment,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments,increased the cellulose decomposition rate of rice straw by 5.4, 7.3, and 8.4 percentage points, hemicellulose decomposition rate by 4.9, 6.4, and 7.4 percentage points,and lignin decomposition rate by 2.1, 5.1, and 5.7 percentage points, respectively.2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol,hydroxyacetone,2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,acetosyringone,eugenol,n-hexadecanoic acid,p-methylphenol,2,6-dimethoxyphenol,guaiacol,p-ethylphenol,and stigmasta-3,5-diene were the major (>1% relative) chemical components of straw residues during the decomposition period.Correlation analyses showed that straw decomposition rate,C release rate and cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition rates,were significantly positively correlated with eugenol,acetosyringone and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,while significantly negatively correlated with hydroxyacetone;straw P release rate was significantly positively correlated with hydroxyacetone and significantly negatively correlated with p-ethylphenol,eugenol and acetosyringone;straw K release rate was significantly correlated with p-ethylphenol,eugenol,acetosyringone and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,while significantly positively correlated with hydroxyacetone.In conclusion,increasing N application could promote the decomposition rates of rice straw and its lignocellulosic cellulose,and the nutrients release of straw N,P and K in coastal saline paddy field.The recommended optimal N application rate was 300 kg/ha under straw returning 10 500 kg/ha in coastal saline soils.p-ethylphenol,eugenol,acetosyringone,2,3-dihydrobenzofuran,hydroxyacetone,and stigmasta-3,5-diene could indicate the process of straw decomposition in straw residues.Py-GC-MS technique shows a good capability to monitor the chemical components alterations of straw residues,further deepening the understanding of straw decomposition mechanism.

Key words: Rice straw decomposition, Nitrogen fertilizer application, Coastal saline paddy soils, Nutrient release, Py-GC-MS, Straw chemical composition

中图分类号:

戴相林, 马瑞萍, 李皓, 孙建平, 山楠, 赵子婧, 刘雅辉, 姚玉涛, 艾超, 李玉义, 董磊明. 不同施氮量下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和组分变化特征[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(6): 127-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195839.

DAI Xianglin, MA Ruiping, LI Hao, SUN Jianping, SHAN Nan, ZHAO Zijing, LIU Yahui, YAO Yutao, AI Chao, LI Yuyi, DONG Leiming. Characteristics of Rice Straw Decomposition,Nutrient Release,and Compositional Changes under Different Nitrogen Application Rates in Coastal Saline Paddy Soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(6): 127-138. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195839.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I6/127

图/表 6

图1 秸秆包及水稻种植分布示意图

Fig.1 Schematic distribution of straw-bag and rice cultivation

图2 地下20 cm温度随时间的变化图中箭头上方标注表示距秸秆包填埋后的取样天数及相应地温。

Fig.2 Variation of soil temperature at 20 cm depth over time Arrows indicate the number of days after straw bags burial and the corresponding soil temperature.

图3 水稻秸秆腐解率与碳释放率不同小写字母表示相同腐解时期不同施氮处理下指标间的差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示不同腐解时期指标间的差异显著(P<0.05)。图4—5同。

Fig.3 Decomposition rate and carbon release rate of rice straw Different lowercase letters in the figure indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between indicators under different N application treatments at the same decomposition stage;different uppercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05) between indicators at different decomposition stages.The same as Fig.4—5.

图4 水稻秸秆氮磷钾养分释放率及C/N变化

Fig.4 Change of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium release rate and C/N of rice straw

图5 水稻秸秆纤维素、半纤维素和木质素腐解率变化

Fig.5 Change of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin decomposition rates of rice straw

图6 热图展示不同施氮处理下秸秆腐解产物(含量>1%)随时间的变化(A)及其与腐解率指标的相关性(B) A.圆圈颜色由蓝到红,表示指标含量由低到高;B.^*、^**和^***分别表示P<0.05,P<0.01和P<0.001。

Fig.6 Heatmap illustrating the changes in straw decomposition products (content>1%) under different nitrogen application treatments over time (A) and their correlation with decomposition rate indicators (B) A.The color of the circles from blue to red,indicating an increase in the content of the indicators from low to high; B.^*,^**,and^*** denote significance levels of P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.001,respectively.

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不同施氮量下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和组分变化特征

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不同施氮量下滨海盐渍稻田水稻秸秆腐解及其养分释放和组分变化特征

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