长期不同施肥对灌漠土土壤氮素的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195561

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明长期不同施肥条件下灌漠土剖面全氮和水解氮的变化特征及演变规律,探讨提升灌漠土地力和合理施肥的模式,依托1982年建立的土壤肥料长期定位试验,以2003,2022年0~200 cm剖面土壤为试验材料,测定其土壤全氮和水解氮含量,同时对不同施肥处理1,10,20,30,40 a后耕层土壤全氮和水解氮含量动态变化进行分析,研究长期不同施肥处理土壤剖面氮素养分分布特征、变化特点及演变特征。结果表明,不同施肥处理土壤全氮和水解氮含量均随土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低,长期有机肥配施化肥能够显著增加表层土壤全氮含量,同一时期增施有机肥处理的表层土壤水解氮含量显著高于不施有机肥。长期单施氮肥处理下,各土壤剖面的全氮含量与不施肥处理趋于一致。长期不同施肥方式下土壤水解氮与全氮之间均呈显著正相关,且施有机肥处理下土壤全氮每增加1.00 g/kg,水解氮则相应增加71.57 mg/kg。综上,长期有机肥配施化肥可显著提高土壤全氮和水解氮含量,提高土壤氮素肥力,而不施肥或偏施氮肥都会导致土壤氮素肥力降低。可见,有机无机配施是灌漠土区土壤培肥的有效措施。

关键词: 灌漠土, 长期施肥, 全氮, 水解氮, 土壤剖面

Abstract:

To elucidate the distribution characteristics and evolution patterns of total nitrogen(TN)and hydrolytic nitrogen(HN)in irrigated desert soil profiles under long-term fertilization regimes,and to explore effective strategies for enhancing soil fertility and rational fertilization,it utilized soil samples(0-200 cm depth)collected in 2003 and 2022 from a long-term fertilization experiment established in 1982.TN and HN contents were measured across soil profiles,and their dynamic changes in the topsoil after 1,10,20,30,and 40 a of different fertilization treatments were analyzed.The results indicated that TN and HN contents gradually decreased with soil depth increasing under all fertilization regimes.Long-term combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased TN content in surface soil.At the same time,treatments incorporating organic manure exhibited notably higher HN content in surface soil compared to those without organic inputs.Prolonged sole nitrogen fertilization led to TN profiles similar to those observed in unfertilized control plots.A significant positive correlation was identified between HN and TN across all fertilization regimes.Specifically,every 1.00 g/kg increase in TN under organic-amended treatments corresponded to a 71.57 mg/kg increase in HN.The findings demonstrate that long-term integrated organic-inorganic fertilization significantly enhances both TN and HN contents,thereby improving soil nitrogen fertility.Conversely,nitrogen depletion or excessive nitrogen-only applications reduced soil nitrogen fertility.These results highlight that combined organic and inorganic fertilization represents an effective approach for soil fertility improvement in irrigated desert soil regions.

Key words: Irrigated desert soil, Long term fertilization, Total nitrogen, Hydrolyzed nitrogen, Soil profile

中图分类号:

S158

杜健, 张建文, 贾改秀, 赵安宇, 马丽君, 索东让, 邹悦, 孙宁科. 长期不同施肥对灌漠土土壤氮素的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(4): 157-165. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195561.

DU Jian, ZHANG Jianwen, JIA Gaixiu, ZHAO Anyu, MA Lijun, SUO Dongrang, ZOU Yue, SUN Ningke. Effects of Long-term Differential Fertilization on Soil Nitrogen in Irrigated Desert Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(4): 157-165. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195561.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I4/157

图/表 7

图1 耕层土壤全氮含量动态变化分析

Fig.1 Analysis of dynamic changes in total nitrogen content in cultivated soil layer

图2 耕层土壤水解氮含量动态变化分析

Fig.2 Analysis of dynamic changes in hydrolyzed nitrogen content in cultivated soil layer

图3 土壤剖面全氮含量不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图4同。

Fig.3 Total nitrogen content in soil profile Different letters indicate significant difference between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.4.

图4 土壤剖面水解氮含量

Fig.4 Hydrolyzed nitrogen content in soil profile

图5 长期不同施肥方式下土壤全氮变化量

Fig.5 Changes in total nitrogen content under long term different fertilization methods

图6 长期不同施肥方式下土壤水解氮变化量

Fig.6 Changes in hydrolyzed nitrogen content under long term different fertilization methods

表1 土壤水解氮与全氮相关关系

Tab.1 The correlation between soil hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen

处理 Treatment	全氮均值/(g/kg) Average value of total nitrogen	水解氮均值/(mg/kg) Average value of hydrolyzed nitrogen	相关方程 Correlative equations	相关系数(r) Coefficient of correlation	样本数 Number of samples
2003	0.72	73.85	y=92.961x+6.803 3	0.862^**	56
2022	0.76	49.39	y=68.849x-2.643 5	0.980^**	56
不施有机肥No manure	0.67	56.49	y=81.288x+2.263 2	0.603^**	56
施有机肥Manure	0.81	66.74	y=71.571x+8.784 5	0.779^**	56
全部处理All treatment	0.74	61.62	y=74.016x+6.959 3	0.721^**	112

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