温度层积对黄精种子萌发及出苗的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191379

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了寻找黄精种子的最适萌发温度，为农业大规模种子种植提供依据，设置3个常规的恒温梯度（25，20，15℃），并且模拟大自然季节和昼夜的温度变化设置了3个变温层积处理（30/20℃，25/15℃，20/10℃）和一个低温4℃处理，对于来自不同地区的滇黄精、多花黄精和黄精种子的萌发特性进行了研究。结果显示：恒温下3种种子最适萌发温度为25℃，种子萌发率最高。在变温条件下，滇黄精和黄精种子萌发最适温度为30/20℃，多花黄精萌发最适温度为20/10℃，在对应的变温条件下种子的发芽率最高。然后将萌发的种子分2批转入室温25℃和低温4℃进行出苗研究。其中黄精种子存在着休眠情况，需要在4℃低温处理方可出苗，而滇黄精和多花黄精种子可以直接出苗，多花黄精适合低温出苗，而滇黄精更加适合常温出苗。所以在农业的实际生产中黄精和滇黄精种子适合在温度较高的夏季播种，黄精种子经历冬季自然低温后次年三四月份即可出苗，滇黄精出苗需要较高温度。多花黄精适合在温度较为适宜的秋季进行播种，与黄精种子相同次年三四月份可出苗。

关键词: 黄精, 温度层积, 种子萌发, 休眠, 出苗

Abstract: Mature Polygonatum sibiricum seed's embryos are underdeveloped.After falling in autumn under natural conditions,the seeds undergo a brief high temperature condition in autumn and then enter a low temperature period in winter.We simulated this natural condition of the seed,and set three temperature-variable lamination treatments(30/20℃,25/15℃,20/10℃)and one low temperature 4℃ treatment.The germination characteristics of Polygonatum sibiricum Red., P.cyrtonema Hua.and P.kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.seeds were studied.The results showed that the optimal germination temperature of the three seeds under constant temperature was 25℃,and the seed germination rate was the highest.The optimal temperature for germination of P.sibiricum Red.and P.kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.was 30/20℃,and the optimal temperature for germination of P.cyrtonema Hua.was 20/10℃,and the germination rate of the seeds reached the maximum under the corresponding variable temperature conditions.The germinated seeds were then transferred into two batches at room temperature of 25℃ and low temperature of 4℃ for emergence studies.Among them,there was a dormancy condition of the P.sibiricum Red.seeds,which need to be treated at a low temperature of 4℃ for emergence,while the P.cyrtonema Hua.and P.kingianum Coll.et Hemsl seeds can emerge directly. P.cyrtonema Hua.is suitable for emergence at low temperature,and P.kingianum Coll.et Hemsl.is more suitable for emergence at normal temperature.

Key words: Polygonatum sibiricum, Temperature stratification, Seed germination, Dormancy, Emergence

中图分类号:

S567.01

安瑞朋, 王冬梅, 祁建军, 魏建和, 廖登群. 温度层积对黄精种子萌发及出苗的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(S1): 220-226. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191379.

AN Ruipeng, WANG Dongmei, QI Jianjun, WEI Jianhe, LIAO Dengqun. Effects of Temperature Stratification on Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Polygonatum[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(S1): 220-226. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191379.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/IS1/220

参考文献

[1] 陈晔,孙晓生.黄精的药理研究进展[J].中药新药与临床药理,2010,21(3):328-330.doi:10.19378/j.issn.1003-9783.2010.03.038.
Chen Y,Sun X S.Research progress in the pharmacology of Polygonatum[J]. Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology,2010,21(3):328-330.
[2] 张洁,马百平,杨云,孙国珍.黄精属植物甾体皂苷类成分及药理活性研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,2006,41(5):330-332.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-2494.2006.05.004.
Zhang J,Ma B P,Yang Y,Sun G Z.Research progress on steroidal saponins and pharmacological activities of Polygonatum[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal,2006,41(5):330-332.
[3] Wujisguleng W,Liu Y J,Long C L.Ethnobotanical review of food uses of Polygonatum (Convallariaceae)in China[J]. Acta Soc Bot Pol,2012,81(4):239-244.doi:10.5586/asbp.2012.045.
[4] Pandey M M,Govindarajan R,Khatoon S,Rawat A K S,Mehrotra S.Pharmacognostical studies of Polygonatum cirrifolium and Polygonatum verticillatum[J]. Journal of Herbs Spices & Medicinal Plants,2007,12(1-2):37-48.doi:10.1300/J044v12n01_04.
[5] Bibi Y,Arshad M,Sabir S,Amjad M S,Ahmed E,Chaudhari S K.Pharmacology and biochemistry of Polygonatum verticillatum:a review[J]. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 2016,4(5):406-415.doi:10.12980/jclm.4.2016J5-228.
[6] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典[S].一部.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:248 ISBN:7-5025-6524-8.
National Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China[S].Part I.Beijing:China Medical Science and Technology Press,2015:248
[7] 宋松泉,程红焱,姜孝成.种子生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:134-135.
Song S Q,Cheng H Y,Jiang X C.Seed biology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008:134-135.
[8] 薛婷婷,刘嘉,沈永宝,刘广勤.温度对薄壳山核桃种子萌发的影响及其机制初探[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):42-50.doi:10.14067/j.cnki.1673-923x.2017.11.008.
Xue T T,Liu J,Shen Y B,Liu G Q.Effect of temperature on the germination of pecan seeds and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry Technology,2017,37(11):42-50.
[9] 王玉峰.温度对植物种子萌发机制的影响[J].防护林科技,2015(6):76-78.doi:10.13601/j.issn.1005-5215.2015.06.029.
Wang Y F.The effect of temperature on the germination mechanism of plant seeds[J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology,2015(6):76-78.
[10] 苟祎,李振南,杨念婷,范汝艳,王雨华.温度对勐腊毛麝香种子萌发特性的影响[J].种子,2018,37(10):16-21.doi:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2018.10.010.
Gou W,Li Z N,Yang N T,Fan R Y,Wang Y H.Effect of temperature on germination characteristics of Adenosma buchneroides seeds[J]. Seed,2018,37(10):16-21.
[11] 陈培燕,韩永芬.黔引普那菊苣种子千粒质量对发芽成苗的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2008(4):134-135.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2008.04.053.
Chen P Y,Han Y F.Effect of Qianyin Puna chicory seed thousand-seed weight on germination and seedling[J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2008(4):134-135.
[12] 傅飞龙,丁自勉,马存德,魏建和,李先恩,祁建军.黄精种子萌发及出苗特点研究[J].中国现代中药,2017,19(8):107-112.doi:10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2017.8.020.
Fu F L,Ding Z M,Ma C D,Wei J H,Li X E,Qi J J.Study on the characteristics of seed germination and emergence of Polygonatum[J]. Modern Chinese Medicine,2017,19(8):107-112.
[13] 张玉翠,李勇刚,王占红,刘峰,张跃进.黄精种子休眠原因的研究[J].种子,2011(4):62-65.doi:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2011.04.053.
Zhang Y C,Li Y G,Wang Z H,Liu F,Zhang Y J.Study on the dormancy of Polygonatum seed[J]. Seed,2011(4):62-65.
[14] 张跃进,张玉翠,王占红,马兰兰,刘峰,张小燕.黄精种子内源抑制物质的初步研究[J].西北农业学报,2011,20(7):50-55.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2011.7.012.
Zhang Y J,Zhang Y C,Wang Z H,Ma L L,Liu F,Zhang X Y.Preliminary study on endogenous inhibitory substances of Polygonatum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Borealioccidentalis Sinica,2011,20(7):50-55.
[15] 吴维春,罗海潮.温度与黄精种子萌发试验[J].中药材,1995,18(12):597-598.doi:10.13863/j.issn1001-4454.1995.12.001.
Wu W C,Luo H C.Temperature and Polygonatum seed germination test[J]. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,1995,18(12):597-598.
[16] Baskin C C,Baskin J M,Auken O W V.Dormancy-breaking and germination requirements in seeds of the summer annual Palafoxia callosa (Asteraceae)from central Texas[J]. Southwestern Naturalist,1999,44(3):272-277.doi:10.1017/S0960258500000507.
[17] 塔依尔,杨梅花.不同温度对沙棘种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2004,23(9):32-34.doi:10.16590/j.cnki.1001-4705.2004.09.042.
Ta Y E,Yang M H.Effects of different temperatures on the germination of seabuckthorn seeds[J]. Seed,2004,23(9):32-34.
[18] Qu X X,Baskin J M,Wang L,Huang Z Y.Effects of cold stratification,temperature,light and salinity on seed germination and radicle growth of the desert halophyte shrub, Kalidium caspicum (Chenopodiaceae)[J]. Plant Growth Journal,2008,54(3):241-248.doi:10.1007/s10725-007-9246-3.
[19] 张睿昕,鱼小军,邓利强,薛鑫.温度对发草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].草原与草坪,2010,30(1):42-44.doi:10.13817/j.cnki.cyycp.2010.01.013.
Zhang R X,Yu X J,Deng L Q,Xue X.The effect of temperature on Deschampsia cespitosa seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Grassland and Turf,2010,30(1):42-44.
[20] 刘佳,朱翔,王文祥,叶宏达,叶怡然,海梅荣.黄精种子休眠的研究进展[J].农学学报,2018,8(3):11-15.
Liu J,Zhu X,Wang W X,Ye H D,Ye Y R,Hai M R.Research progress of Polygonatum seed dormancy[J]. Journal of Agriculture,2018,8(3):11-15.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容