长期施肥对山东潮土磷盈亏及农学阈值的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751350

华北农学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 185-191. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751350

所属专题： 土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施肥对山东潮土磷盈亏及农学阈值的影响

孙翠平^1,3, 张英鹏^1,2,4, 罗加法^1,6, 仲子文^1,2, 孙明^1,2,4, 李彦^1,2,4, 刘兆辉^1,2,4,5, 井永苹^1,2,4, 薄录吉^1,2,4

1. 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 山东济南 250100;
2. 农业部黄淮海平原农业环境重点实验室, 山东济南 250100;
3. 农业部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室, 山东济南 250100;
4. 山东省农业面源污染防控重点实验室, 山东济南 250100;
5. 山东省农业科学院, 山东济南 250100;
6. 新西兰农业科学院鲁亚库拉研究中心, 汉密尔顿 3240

收稿日期:2018-12-27 出版日期:2019-10-28
通讯作者: 张英鹏(1977-),男,山东招远人,研究员,博士,主要从事植物营养与施肥、农业面源污染防控研究;李彦(1970-),女,黑龙江肇源人,研究员,博士,主要从事农业面源污染防控研究。
作者简介:孙翠平(1990-),女,山东泰安人,硕士,主要从事面源污染防控研究、植物营养与施肥研究。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划子课题（2016YFD0300804-5）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503106；201303103）；"海外泰山学者"建设工程专项经费；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2016DB28）；山东省农业科学院青年科研基金项目（2016YQN40）

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Phosphorus (P) Balance and Critical Value of Soil Olsen-P in Fluvo-aquic Soil of Shandong Province

SUN Cuiping^1,3, ZHANG Yingpeng^1,2,4, LUO Jiafa^1,6, ZHONG Ziwen^1,2, SUN Ming^1,2,4, LI Yan^1,2,4, LIU Zhaohui^1,2,4,5, JING Yongping^1,2,4, BO Luji^1,2,4

1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Waste Substance Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China;
4. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Control, Jinan 250100, China;
5. Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
6. Ruakura Research Centre, Ag Research Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand

Received:2018-12-27 Published:2019-10-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示长期施肥对山东潮土磷素盈亏、农学阈值的影响，以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作为研究对象，通过33 a长期定位施肥试验研究土壤磷素盈亏、土壤有效磷对磷素盈亏响应，明确土壤有效磷农学阈值；试验采用裂区设计，包括单施化肥和有机无机肥配施两大主处理。结果表明，不施磷和只施有机肥处理磷素亏缺量分别为23.27~29.20 kg/（hm² · a），12.10~22.27 kg/（hm² · a）；单施磷肥和有机无机磷肥配施磷盈余量分别为68.34~85.99 kg/（hm² · a），88.84~107.64 kg/（hm² · a）。单施化肥和有机无机肥配施两大主处理每盈余100 kg/hm²磷素，土壤有效磷分别增加0.76，1.46 mg/kg，有机无机肥配施处理有效磷对磷盈亏的增幅响应更大。单施化肥处理中小麦和玉米的有效磷农学阈值分别为12.60，8.90 mg/kg，有机无机肥配施处理中作物产量和土壤有效磷含量关系不明显。长期耕作下，不施磷肥和单施有机肥处理需增施磷肥或增加有机肥量来增加土壤磷素；施磷处理中可适当减少施磷量来调控土壤磷盈亏；根据农学阈值和有效磷转化率合理确定施磷量。

关键词: 潮土, 长期施肥, 土壤有效磷, 磷盈亏, 农学阈值

Abstract: To reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on P balance and critical Olsen-P value of fluvo-aquic soils in Shandong Province, a split-plot experiment was designed, taking the winter wheat-summer maize rotation as the research object for 33 years. The main treatments included single inorganic fertilizer and organic/inorganic fertilizer combination. The results showed that the P deficit amount of soil was 23.27-29.20 kg/(ha · a) and 12.10-22.27 kg/(ha · a), respectively, for no P application and only manure application. The P surplus amount was 68.34-85.99 kg/(ha · a) and 88.84-107.64 kg/(ha · a), respectively, for single phosphate fertilizer treatment and organic/inorganic phosphate fertilizer combination. The positive response of Olsen-P to P balance was higher in organic/inorganic phosphate fertilizer combination than in single inorganic fertilization. With an average surplus of 100 kg/ha, the Olsen-P increased by 0.76,1.46 mg/kg, respectively, in the two main treatments. The critical Olsen-P value for wheat and maize yield was 12.60,8.90 mg/kg, respectively, for single inorganic fertilization, but there was no obvious correlation between crop yield and Olsen-P in organic/inorganic fertilizer treatment. Under the long-term tillage, the application of phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer was needed for no P fertilization and only manure treatment in order to increase the soil phosphorus, but for P fertilization treatment, the phosphate fertilizer amount should be reduced appropriately to regulate the P balance. The amount of phosphorus application could be determined reasonably based on the critical Olsen-P value for crop yield and effective Olsen-P conversion rate.

Key words: Fluvo-aquic soil, Long-term fertilization, Soil available P, P balance, Critical value of soil Olsen-P

中图分类号:

孙翠平, 张英鹏, 罗加法, 仲子文, 孙明, 李彦, 刘兆辉, 井永苹, 薄录吉. 长期施肥对山东潮土磷盈亏及农学阈值的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(5): 185-191. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751350.

SUN Cuiping, ZHANG Yingpeng, LUO Jiafa, ZHONG Ziwen, SUN Ming, LI Yan, LIU Zhaohui, JING Yongping, BO Luji. Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Phosphorus (P) Balance and Critical Value of Soil Olsen-P in Fluvo-aquic Soil of Shandong Province[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(5): 185-191. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751350.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I5/185

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长期施肥对山东潮土磷盈亏及农学阈值的影响

Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Phosphorus (P) Balance and Critical Value of Soil Olsen-P in Fluvo-aquic Soil of Shandong Province

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