不同有机肥对葡萄根系生长和土壤养分状况的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751420

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨不同有机肥对巨峰葡萄园的施肥效果，为葡萄园的科学施肥提供可靠的依据。研究了3种有机肥料（生物有机肥（BF）、羊粪（SM）和猪粪（PM））在3年生的有机葡萄园内设置处理，研究其对辽宁兴城种植葡萄根系生长和土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明，生物有机肥施用增加总根长、根表面积效果最佳；生物有机肥和羊粪处理均能显著提高根系中全氮含量（P<0.05），且生物有机肥处理组的含量最高。生物有机肥处理明显提高根系中多数矿质元素含量，尤其在收获期除B元素外，其他所研究元素的峰值均出现在生物有机肥处理组。施肥处理均提高了转色期和收获期的土壤有机质含量（P<0.05），皆表现为生物有机肥 > 羊粪 > 猪粪 > 对照，生物有机肥、羊粪和猪粪在转色期较对照分别提高了70.72%，53.67%，52.31%；在收获期，较对照分别显著提高了51.61%，36.14%，34.84%（P<0.05）。施用有机肥能提高转色期和收获期土壤中的碱解氮和全氮含量，均表现为生物有机肥 > 羊粪 > 猪粪 > 对照，其中只有生物有机肥条件下的碱解氮和全氮含量在不同时期均与对照出现显著性差异（P<0.05）。生物有机肥和羊粪处理组的土壤有效磷含量在转色期和收获期均显著高于对照，而猪粪与对照不存在显著性差异。施肥处理均能引起土壤矿质元素含量不同程度的提高；其中土壤中B和Mo元素在转色期的含量要低于对照，其原因可能是由施肥处理后增强了树体对微量元素的吸收，而有机肥中微量元素释放较慢所导致的。与对照相比，3种有机肥料均可改善葡萄根系的生长、提高根系内矿质元素含量，提高土壤内有机质、全氮、有效磷及矿质元素含量，但施用生物有机肥效果最佳。

关键词: 葡萄, 根系, 矿质元素, 生物有机肥, 羊粪, 猪粪

Abstract: In order to explore the application effects of different organic fertilizers in vineyards and to provide a reliable basis for scientific fertilization of grape, the effects of three organic fertilizers(bio-organic fertilizer, sheep manure and pig manure)on root growth and soil nutrient status of grape were studied in a three-year-old organic vineyard of Xingcheng, Liaoning. The results showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer increased the total root length and root surface area. The bio-organic fertilizer and sheep manure treatments could increase the total nitrogen content of roots(P<0.05), and the former increased more. Bio-organic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the contents of most mineral elements, especially in the harvest period except B element, and the peaks of other tested elements all appeared in the bio-organic fertilizer treatment group. Fertilization treatment significantly improved the soil organic matter content in the color change period and harvest period of grape(P<0.05), with the order of bio-organic fertilizer > sheep manure > pig manure > control, which increased by 70.72%, 53.67% and 52.31% respectively in color changing period, and by 51.61%, 36.14% and 34.84%(P<0.05)respectively in harvest period, compared to the control. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the content of alkali nitrogen and total nitrogen of soil at color-changing and harvesting stages, with the order of bio-organic fertilizer > sheep manure > pig manure > control, but only the organic fertilizer treatment had significant difference with the control in different periods(P<0.05). The soil available phosphorus contents in bio-organic fertilizer and sheep manure treatments was significantly higher than that of the control in the color change period and the harvest period, but there was no significant difference between the pig manure and the control(P<0.05). Fertilization treatment could lead to the increase of the content of most mineral elements in soil to a certain degree, while the B and Mo contents of soil in the color change period was lower than that of the control. The reason might be that the fertilization treatment enhanced the absorption of trace elements of grape and the trace elements in organic fertilizers released slowly. Compared with the control, the three organic fertilizers could improve the growth of grape roots, increase the content of mineral elements in roots, and increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and mineral elements in soil. The effect of bio-organic fertilizer application was the best.

Key words: Grape, Root, Mineral element, Bio-organic fertilizer, Sheep manure, Pig manure

中图分类号:

S141

王小龙, 刘凤之, 史祥宾, 王孝娣, 冀晓昊, 王志强, 王宝亮, 郑晓翠, 王海波. 不同有机肥对葡萄根系生长和土壤养分状况的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(5): 177-184. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751420.

WANG Xiaolong, LIU Fengzhi, SHI Xiangbin, WANG Xiaodi, JI Xiaohao, WANG Zhiqiang, WANG Baoliang, ZHENG Xiaocui, WANG Haibo. Effects of Organic Fertilizers on Root Growth and Soil Nutrition of Grape[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(5): 177-184. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751420.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I5/177

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