摘要： 为探明不同供氮形态对烤烟烘烤特性的影响。采用大田试验方法，以烤烟品种K326为试验材料，设置5个不同供氮形态的处理，即N1（100%硝态氮）、N2（30%氨态氮+70%硝态氮）、N3（50%氨态氮+50%硝态氮）、N4（70%氨态氮+30%硝态氮）、N5（100%氨态氮），研究烘烤过程中不同处理的烟叶水分、叶绿素、多酚氧化酶、丙二醛等指标变化规律，比较烤后烟叶经济性状。结果表明：在施氮量为165 kg/hm²条件下，不同供氮形态对烤烟烘烤特性有不同影响。其中，30%氨态氮+70%硝态氮处理的烟叶在烘烤过程中各阶段失水速率接近其72 h内失水速率的平均值，烟叶失水均衡性好；其叶绿素降解速率与失水速率协调同步，有良好的变黄特性；同时，烟叶多酚氧化酶活性最低，丙二醛积累少且缓慢，膜脂过氧化水平最低，烟叶耐烤性好。此外，30%氨态氮+70%硝态氮处理的中上等烟比例和产值最高。可见，在粤北烟区，采用30%氨态氮+70%硝态氮的供氮形态可以获得优良的烟叶烘烤特性和烟叶质量。

关键词: 供氮形态, 烤烟, 烘烤特性, 烟叶质量

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of different forms of nitrogen supply on flue-cured tobacco's curing characteristics. A field experiment,using K326(Nicotiana tabacum L.)as experimental material,with five different forms of nitrogen supply that N1(100% nitrate nitrogen),N2(30% ammonia nitrogen + 70% nitrate nitrogen),N3(50% ammonia nitrogen + 50% nitrate nitrogen),N4(70% ammonia nitrogen + 30% nitrate nitrogen)and N5(100% ammonia nitrogen)were conducted to study the effects of different treatments water,chlorophyll,polyphenol oxidase and malondialdehyde contents in leaves of tobacco leaves were compared,and the economic characters of flue-cured tobacco leaves were compared.The results showed that different nitrogen supply had different effects on the baking characteristics of flue-cured tobacco under 165 kg/ha nitrogen application rate.The water loss rate of tobacco leaves treated with 30% ammonia nitrogen+70% nitrate nitrogen during the curing process was close to the mean value of the water loss rate in 72 hours,and the chlorophyll degradation rate and the water loss rate was coordinated and synchronized.The activity of polyphenol oxidase in tobacco leaves was the lowest,the accumulation of malondialdehyde was slow and the membrane lipid peroxidation level was the lowest.In addition,the treatment of 30% ammonia nitrogen+70% nitrate nitrogen had the proportion of high-grade tobacco and the highest value.It could be seen that the tobacco leaf curing characteristics and leaf quality could be obtained by using 30% ammonia nitrogen+70% nitrate nitrogen in the northern part of Guangdong.

Key words: Forms of nitrogen supply, Flue-cured tobacco, Curing characteristics, Tobacco quality

中图分类号: 

• S572.01

• S143.1