摘要： 为了利用小麦感叶锈病突变体进行抗病基因功能和机制研究，用EMS处理小麦抗叶锈病近等基因系TcLr19的种子，对获得的M₂、M₃植株进行农艺性状观察和田间抗叶锈性鉴定。结果显示，不同浓度的EMS溶液处理种子共获得367个M₁单株，处理浓度为1.0%时，接近半致死剂量，且M₂表型突变频率最高，适宜突变筛选。在2 359个M₂突变群体中，共筛选到表型突变体38个，表型突变频率1.61%；筛选出感叶锈病突变体53个，感病突变频率2.25%。在459个M₃感病突变群体中，共鉴定出146个感病突变体，其中M₃6-2、M₃33-8、M₃33-9、M₃33-11、M₃44-4、M₃96-8这6个M₃感病突变材料，遗传稳定率较高，达70%以上。为保证结果的可靠性，试验中还利用Lr19的分子标记对突变体进行分子辅助筛选。结果表明，EMS诱变是获得小麦感叶锈病突变体的有效手段，不仅为小麦抗叶锈基因的克隆和功能研究提供了重要的基础材料，还为小麦育种提供了新的种质。

关键词: 小麦, 叶锈病, 甲基磺酸乙酯, 突变体

Abstract: In order to study the function and mechanism of the resistance gene of wheat leaf rust,seeds of wheat TcLr19 was treated by EMS.The leaf rust resistance and agronomic traits were investigated and phenotypic mutants were identified in M₁ and M₂.A total of 367 individual plants were obtained in M₁ with different concentrations of EMS.According to the emergence rate,seed rate and mutation rate,EMS 1.0% was considered the optimum concentration.In 2 359 M₂ mutant,a total of 38 phenotype mutations were screened out with 1.61% mutation rate,and a total of 53 susceptible mutations to Puccinia triticina were screened out with 2.25% mutation rate.A total of 146 susceptible plants were obtained in 459 M₃ susceptible populations,especially M₃6-2,M₃33-8,M₃33-9,M₃33-11,M₃44-4 and M₃96-8,and the frequency of susceptible mutation were more than 70%.Furthermore,Lr19 molecular marker-assisted selection was also used in order to guarantee the reliability of the results in the test.The results showed that EMS treatment was an effective method in screening of mutants susceptible to P.triticina.The result not only provided important genetic resources for wheat leaf rust resistance gene cloning and functional genomic research,but also provided new germplasms in wheat breeding.

Key words: Wheat, Leaf rust, Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), Mutant

中图分类号: 

• S512.1

• S335.3