摘要： 小麦白穗的发生会减小粒质量并对产量造成不利影响。为摸清小麦白穗现象发生原因，我们对位于河北省曲周县白寨乡的曲周县-中国农业大学小麦玉米高产高效技术示范基地(以下简称"双高"基地)所在区及其周边区的麦田与田间试验进行了调查，分析了不同品种、播量、种植模式、施肥量及土壤条件与小麦白穗发生率的关系。结果表明，因赤霉病发生引起白穗现象的地块占总调查样本的63%。比较当地的2个主栽小麦品种衡4399与良星99发现，前者白穗发生率略高于后者。窄行种植的小麦白穗发生率高于宽行和宽窄行种植的小麦，白穗发生率与春季追氮量和表层土壤含水量呈显著负相关，与磷肥用量呈显著正相关，但与钾肥用量、土壤有机质含量及有机肥用量间的相关关系不明显，此外，采用含盐量高的浅井水灌溉的麦田，小麦白穗率比采用含盐量低的深井水灌溉的麦田高1.2个百分点。

关键词: 曲周, 小麦, 白穗, 调查

Abstract: The occurrence of white ear in wheat field can minimize seeds weight and thus cause yield reduction． For better understanding the reasons caused this symptom， we conducted this investigation in the high yield andhigh efficiency production tecnique demonstration base of Quzhou county-China Agicultural University in Baizhaitown， Quzhou county． The investigation was carried in both farmer's field and the experiment fields． The relationshipbetween the incidence rate of wheat with white ear symptom and cultivars， row distances， fertilizer application rates，soil types， soil moisture condition and soil organic matter content were analyzed． The preliminary results showed that63 % of white ear symptom in wheat field caused by wheat scab． The percentage of wheat with white ear symptom onthe variety Heng4399 was slightly higher than that of the variety Liangxing99． The percentage of wheat with whiteear symptom decreased with the increase of row distance， soil water content at spring season， and topdreassed N fertilizer rate， increased with the increasing of P fertilizer application rate， bud did not changed with the increase of Kfertilizer application rate and soil organic matter content． The percentage of wheat with white ear symptom was significantly lower in the field irrigated with water from deep well with low EC than the field irrigated with water fromshallow well．

Key words: Quzhou County, Winter wheat, White ear, Investigation

中图分类号: 

• S435.121