摘要： 为了培育抗花生叶斑病的新种质,利用花粉管通道技术将国槐DNA导入花生栽培品种79266,在变异后代筛选抗叶斑病材料,对选出的5个种质系进行叶斑病抗性和农艺性状的田间鉴定,并进行抗病种质系与受体DNA差异的SSR多态性分析。获得的主要结果如下:受体品种79266感染叶斑病(包含花生褐斑病、黑斑病和网斑病)病程曲线的线下面积(AUDPC值)为205.3,5个抗病种质系的AUDPC值极显著低于受体品种,其中05D1128的AUDPC值最小,为112.0,感病最轻;收获前7 d调查花生褐斑病和网斑病的发病程度,05D1148对花生褐斑病的抗性最强,其病级和病情指数均极显著低于受体品种,抗性比受体品种提高17.56%。05D1128对网斑病的抗性最强,其病级和病情指数均极显著低于受体品种,抗性比受体品种提高31.83%;叶斑病抗性最强的05D1128与受体品种相比,百果重和百仁重明显提高,但荚果产量和籽仁产量极显著降低。褐斑病抗性最强的05D1148与受体品种相比,二者所考察农艺性状间无显著差异;采用40对SSR引物进行PCR扩增,在05D106、05D1128、05D1144、05D1148、05D1172 5个新种质系与受体间检测到的多态性位点数分别是9,8,5,6和7。因此,利用国槐DNA导入花生栽培品种提高其对叶斑病的抗性的育种方法是有效的,所选育种质系中05D1148对叶斑病的抗性和农艺性状的综合表现最好,可以作为新的花生抗叶斑病种质材料加以利用。

关键词: 花生(Arachis, hypogea, L), 叶斑病, 抗性鉴定, DNA导入技术

Abstract: Five new peanut lines enhanced resistance to leaf spot diseases were obtained from variants influenced by Chinese scholar—tree DNA introduced into peanut cuhivar 79266 by the method of exotic DNA introduction through pollen tube channels.Resistance to peanut leaf spot diseases and agronomic traits of these new lines were identified. And the SSR polymorphic analysis of DNA from the five new lines and 79266 was also investigated.The major results are summarized as follows：The area under the disease progress curve(AUDPC)of 79266 was 205.3, AUDPC of the five new lines were decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared to 79266.AUDPC of 05D1 128 was only 1 12.0, and was the lowest in all test lines.05D1 148 had the highest resistance to early leaf spot disease, its disease grade and disease index were decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared to 79266, its relative resistance increased by 17.56% more than 79266.05D1 128 had the highest resistance to web blotch diseases, its disease grade and disease index were decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared to 79266, its relative resistance increased by 31.83%more than 79266. Improved traits of 05D1128, with the highest resistance to peanut leaf spot disease in all test lines, were as follows：100.pods weight and 100-kernel weight are increased significantly.but its pod yield and kernel yield were decreased significantly(P<0.01)compared to 79266.The differences in agronomic traits were not significant between 05D1148 (with the highest resistance to peanut early leaf spot disease)and 79266.The genetic diversities of five new peanut lines(05D106, 05D1128, 05D1144, 05D1148 and 05D1172)and 79266 were analyzed by SSR with 40 pairs of primer.9, 8, 5, 6 and 7 polymorphiloci respectively were detected in these lines compared to 79266.Therefore, the method of exotic DNA being introduced into peanut cuhivars to enhance their resistance to leaf spot is effective, and the comprehensive performance of 05D1 148 is better than that of the other test lines in agronomic traits.

Key words: Peanut, Le“spot disease, Resistance evaluation, Method of exotic DNA introduction into plant through pollen tube channel

中图分类号: 

• S565.2