摘要： 利用200个随机引物对21份白菜类蔬菜种质资源材料的基因组DNA进行了扩增,研究了它们的亲缘关系。结果表明,有22个随机引物可得到稳定的RAPD谱带,扩增带总数为135条,其中多态性带为125条,多态性比例为92.6%。系统聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离(D)=0.25处,可将供试材料分为2类10组,其中第1类包括5个甘蓝品种,另外还包括芜菁;而第2类包括白菜和芥菜2个亚类。这表明芜菁和白菜的亲缘关系较远。芜菁和散白菜的杂交后代与芜菁和其他白菜的杂交后代形态相似,不能从形态学上为李家文的"杂交起源"假说提供佐证。推测白菜可能起源于野生小白菜的原始类型,在向北方传播的过程中相互杂交,经过长期的自然环境选择,优胜劣汰逐渐演化才终于出现了结球结实的大白菜。

关键词: 白菜类蔬菜, RAPD, 种质资源, 聚类分析

Abstract: The relationship of 21 accessions of cabbage vegetable was analyzed by RAPD( randomly amplified poly??morphic DNA) with 200 random primers.The results showed that 22 primers produced amplified products, of which 135 bands were distinct and 125 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands was 92??6%. All accessions wereclustered into 2 groups and 10 subgroups at the genetic distance of 0. 25 based on the RAPD data. Five cabbage variet iesand Turnip were clustered into the first group. The second group included two subgroups composed of cabbage and mus??tard respect ively.This indicated that the relationship of turnip and cabbage was distant. The morphologic characteristics ofthe hybrid offspring between turnip and the loose??leaved Chinese cabbage were similar to that between turnip and otherChinese cabbage. So it did not confirm Li Jiawens ??hybridization origin?? hypothesis from the morphologic evidence. Wespeculated that Chinese cabbage originated from the wild types of non??heading cabbage. That is, in the process of spreading from the south to the north of China, different types of non??heading cabbage hybrid each other, and, after long termnatural selection, the strong balled Chinese cabbage arose.

Key words: Cabbage vegetable, RAPD, Germplasm resourcers, Clustering analysis

中图分类号: 

• S634.3