摘要： 应用化学杂交剂Sc2053诱导小麦雄性不育的形态学和细胞学特征观察结果显示，经处理的小麦植株变矮，植株及麦穗呈现浅绿色，穗子呈爆裂状，花药不开裂，呈现雄性不育株的形态特征，这些特征可做为估算小麦群体化学杀雄效果即绝对不育率的依据。经Sc2053处理的小麦雄性不育有无花粉和花粉败育两种类型。无花粉型是在小孢子刚形成时即发生败育，从而产生无花粉的空壳型花药。花粉败育型是小孢子只发育到单核花粉，二胞花粉或不正常三胞花粉，或者只有花粉壁而无原生质体。无论何种情况，均未观察到花粉囊壁发育的异常现象。

关键词: 小麦, 雄性不育, 绝对不育率, 无花粉型, 花粉败育型, 化学杂交剂

Abstract: The morphological and cytological feature of Sc2053 induced male sterility in wheat (Triticurn uestivum L. )was studied systematically. The morphological feature of sterile plants was as follows:(1)the plant height became low; (2)the plants and spikes were light green in colour; (3)the spike expanded; (4)the anther was not open. Based on the above feature,the absolute degree of sterility which was suggested to measure the effect of chemical hybridizing agents on inducing male sterility among plants within wheat population,could be counted. Two types of anther and pollen development were found after the treatment with Sc2053:anther without pollen and with abortive pollen respectively. The reason for former case was that the microspore aborted just after the meiosis. The latter type means that microspore developed only to the single-celled pollen, or the two-celled pollen, or the innormal three-celled pollen, or pollen without protoplast. And also the development of the pollen in different pollen sac of an anther was not synchronistic. However,the development of the pollen sac wall was normal in all cases.

Key words: Wheat, Male sterility, Sterile absolute degree, Non-pollen type, Abortive pollen type, Chemical hybridizing agents

中图分类号: 

• S512.101