摘要：

为探索连作对花生农艺性状、产量和品质性状、根际养分的对话机制,缓解连作障碍对高油酸花生产业的制约。试验选取连作4 a花生田,以适合单粒精播的高油酸花生品种冀农花12号为供试材料,围绕根际养分提升及土壤微生物改良开展试验。设置4种处理:播前土壤增施氧化钙(CaO)600 kg/hm²、生物菌肥(BF)300 kg/hm²、营养拌种剂(N)等3种养分处理和常规施肥(CK)4种处理,分析不同养分处理对高油酸花生连作障碍的影响。结果表明,3种养分处理在花针期和结荚期显著提高了叶片的SPAD值,延缓了植株叶片衰老速度,提高了光合积累效率。CaO处理主茎高度较CK显著增高35.6%,CaO处理聚类的Ⅲ类群体与产量构成因素数据点分布最集中;BF处理提高了结荚期活性根瘤数量和单株根瘤干质量,促进了N、P、K的吸收;N处理在收获后表现出土壤中铵态氮(8.1 mg/kg)、速效磷(9.6 mg/kg)和速效钾(249.3 mg/kg)含量明显低于CK的现象,对品质的影响较小。养分处理均可在一定程度上缓解高油酸花生的连作障碍,其中CaO效果最佳。随着花生种植年限增加,连续增施养分处理可有效缓解连作障碍,在实际生产中应综合考虑种植目标和需求,并采取多因素结合措施来缓解高油酸花生连作障碍,该研究为连作花生土传病害防控技术提供新思路和重要参考。

关键词: 高油酸花生, 连作, 氧化钙, 生物菌肥, 营养剂

Abstract:

To investigate the dialogue mechanism of continuous cropping concerning agronomic traits,yield and quality characteristics,and rhizosphere nutrient dynamics in peanuts,and to mitigate the constraints imposed by continuous cropping obstacles on the high oleic acid peanut industry.A test field with 4 years of continuous cropping was selected for the experiment,utilizing JNH-12,a high-oleic peanut variety suitable for single-seed sowing.To enhance rhizosphere nutrient availability and improve soil microbial environments,four pre-sowing treatments were applied:600 kg/ha of calcium oxide(CaO),300 kg/ha of bio-bacterial fertilizer(BF),nutrient seed dressing agent(N),and conventional fertilization(CK).This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different nutrient treatments on overcoming continuous cropping obstacles in high oleic acid peanuts.The research findings revealed that the SPAD values of the three nutrient treatments were significantly higher than those of the control group at both the flowering stage and podding stage.This result indicated delayed leaf senescence and enhanced photosynthetic accumulation efficiency.The main stem height treated with CaO increased by 35.6% compared to the control,data point distribution of the CaO-treated clustering Class Ⅲ group and yield component factors is the most concentrated.These outcomes suggested that CaO could effectively alleviate the inhibitory effects of continuous cropping on high oleic acid peanut.Additionally,the application of conditioning agents during the podding period increased the number of active root nodules and the dry weight of root nodules per plant,promoting the absorption of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K)from the soil by peanuts.After harvest,the soil treated with N exhibited significantly lower levels of ammonium nitrogen(8.1 mg/kg),available phosphorus(9.6 mg/kg),and available potassium(249.3 mg/kg)compared to the control,with relatively minor effects on product quality.All three nutrient treatments alleviated continuous cropping obstacles,with CaO demonstrating the most pronounced effect.Continuous application of nutrients during peanut cultivation can effectively alleviate such obstacles.In practical agricultural production,planting objectives and requirements should be comprehensively considered,and multi-factor combined measures should be adopted to mitigate continuous cropping obstacles in high oleic acid peanuts.This study provides valuable insights and critical references for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases associated with continuous cropping peanuts.

Key words: High oleic acid peanut, Continuous cropping, CaO, Bio-bacterial, Nutrient

中图分类号: 

• S565.2