摘要： C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因分别编码补体C1q蛋白的3个亚基，而C1q在氧化应激、细胞凋亡、维护机体内环境稳定等过程发挥着重要作用，探究其在牦牛不同发育时期各组织中的表达情况将为深入了解牦牛C1q蛋白的功能奠定良好基础。利用TRIzol法提取麦洼牦牛组织的总RNA，通过实时荧光定量检测C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因在麦洼牦牛0.5，1.5，2.5岁的心脏、脾脏、肺脏、大脑、小脑组织中的表达特性，使用SPSS 22.0软件分析各组织间的差异显著性。组织表达结果显示，C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因在牦牛3个年龄中的心脏、脾脏、肺脏、大脑、小脑组织中均有表达，同年龄不同组织的表达趋势基本一致，均为C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因在牦牛肺脏中的表达量显著高于脾脏、心脏、大脑、小脑（P<0.05）；脾脏显著高于心脏、大脑、小脑中的表达量（P<0.05）；而心脏中的表达量显著高于大脑、小脑（P<0.05），大脑和小脑间的表达量差异不显著（P>0.05）。C1QA、C1QB、C1QC基因在1.5岁牦牛肺脏中的表达量最高，均极显著高于脾脏、心脏、大脑和小脑（P<0.01）。时序表达结果表明，随着牦牛年龄的增长，C1QA基因在多数组织中的表达量呈显著下降趋势；C1QB则是先显著上升再显著下降；C1QC呈显著上升趋势。综上可知，C1QA、C1QB基因可能通过表达量下调、C1QC基因则可能通过表达量上调来参与牦牛的高原适应性。

关键词: 牦牛, C1q, 组织表达, 时序表达, 高原适应性

Abstract: Complement C1q(complement 1q)protein consists of three polypeptide chains,A,B and C,C1q plays an important role in oxidative stress,cell apoptosis,and maintaining the stability of the internal environment of the organism.To explore the expression patterns in various tissues at different ages,and will lay the foundation for the further understanding of the functions of C1q proteins of yak.Total RNA were extracted from different tissues,including heart,spleen,lung,brain and cerebella.The mRNA expression levels of C1QA, C1QB,C1QC genes were determined by Quantitative Real-time PCR(RT-qPCR).SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the significant difference between different tissues.RT-qPCR results indicated that C1QA, C1QB and C1QC genes were expressed in all tissues.The expression trend of different age groups was basically the same.The expression levels in lung of C1QA,C1QB and C1QC genes were significantly higher than spleen,heart,brain and cerebella(P<0.05);in spleen was significantly higher than heart,brain and cerebella(P<0.05);in heart was significantly higher than brain and cerebella(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the expression level between brain and cerebella(P >0.05).The results also showed that the expression levels of C1QA, C1QB and C1QC genes were the highest in 1.5-year-old yak lungs,which were significantly higher than those in spleen,heart,brain and cerebella(P<0.01).With the growth of the yak, C1QA gene expression level in most tissues was decreased significantly.In stark contrast,we found that gene expression level of C1QC was increased significantly in all tissues.While,the mRNA expression of C1QB gene was dynamic,with the level dramaticlly increasing and then significantly decreased with aging.In a word,in the high-altitude adaptationregulation of yak, C1QA,C1QB genes maybe involved through the down-regulation of tissue expression level,and C1QC maybe through the up-regulation.

Key words: Yak, C1q, Tissue expression, Temporal expression, High-altitude adaptation

中图分类号: 

• Q78

• S823