摘要： 为了解黄淮麦区几种高产小麦品种穗光合特性及产量性状，为筛选高光合育种亲本提供依据，以矮抗58、百农418、百农419、豫麦49和周麦18为试材，研究了其穗部光合速率、叶绿素含量、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、颖壳横切面结构及产量性状变化规律。结果表明，百农419穗部表现出较强的光合特性。在开花期、花后7 d及花后15 d其光合速率分别比矮抗58高14.12%，42.86%，6.11%，比百农418高2.69%，4.65%，4.50%，比豫麦49高11.45%，12.08%，16.24%，比周麦18高22.92%，6.35%，10.64%；其颖壳叶绿素a含量和总叶绿素含量较高，Chla/Chlb分别比矮抗58高22.47%，20.04%，0.41%，比百农418高5.72%，18.63%，3.21%，比豫麦49高6.14%，25.68%，0.56%，比周麦18高12.35%，21.26%，2.49%，具有较强的光能捕获能力；Fv/Fm在4个测定时期均最高；此外，百农419颖壳细胞组织较厚，维管束数目较多，大维管束的周长与面积较大，具有较强的“流”能力。产量结果显示，百农419的理论产量和实际产量分别高出矮抗58 25.22%和14.05%、高出百农418 17.15%和10.82%、高出豫麦49 23.74%和19.28%、高出周麦18 8.55%和8.57%，差异显著。综合试验结果认为，百农419穗部光合能力较强，产量较高，具有作为绿穗灌浆高光效育种亲本的潜力。

关键词: 黄淮地区, 高产小麦, 穗, 光合特性, 产量性状

Abstract: In order to understand the spike photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits of several high-yield wheat varieties in Huang-Huai Area,and provide the basis for screening high photosynthetic breeding parents,five wheat varieties(Aikang 58,Bainong 418,Bainong 419,Yumai 49 and Zhoumai 18) were used as experimental materials to study the spike photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm), transverse structure of glume shell and yield traits.The results showed that the spikes of Bainong 419 exhibited strong photosynthetic and physiological characteristics.The photosynthetic rate of Bainong 419 at flowering stage,7 days after flowering and 15 days after flowering was,respectively,14.12%,42.86% and 6.11% higher than Aikang 58;2.69%,4.65% and 4.50% higher than Bainong 418;11.45%,12.08% and 16.24% higher than Yumai 49;and 22.92%,6.35% and 10.64% higher than Zhoumai 18.The contents of chlorophyll A and total chlorophyll in glume shell of Bainong 419 were also the highest.The Chla/Chlb of Bainong 419 was 22.47%,20.04% and 0.41% higher than Aikang 58;5.72%,18.63% and 3.21% higher than Bainong 418;6.14%,25.68% and 0.56% higher than Yumai 49;and 12.35%,21.26% and 2.49% higher than Zhoumai 18,presenting the stronger ability to capture light energy.Fv/Fm's of Bainong 419 in four measurement periods were all the highest.In addition,the glume shell of Bainong 419 had thicker cell tissue,more vascular bundle number,larger circumference and area of great vascular bundle,showing the stronger "flow" ability.The yield results showed that the theoretical yield and actual yield of Bainong 419 were,respectively,25.22% and 14.05% higher than Aikang 58,17.15% and 10.82% higher than Bainong 418,23.74% and 19.28% higher than Yumai 49,and 8.55% and 8.57% higher than Zhoumai 18,the difference being significant.It was concluded that Bainong 419 had stronger spike photosynthetic ability and higher grain yield,and could be used as a high photosynthetic breeding parent.

Key words: Huang-Huai Area, High-yield wheat, Spike, Photosynthetic characteristics, Yield traits

中图分类号: 

• S512.1