摘要： 针对目前板栗产量效应和养分分配等问题研究尚少,通过3年肥料定位试验研究了燕山花岗片麻岩区6年生板栗树产量对氮磷钾的响应及其树体、果实养分分配规律。研究得出氮磷钾对板栗生长影响为:与-N、-K处理比较,NPK处理板栗叶面积分别增加20.2%,27.4%,单叶片叶鲜质量分别增加6.7%,13.7%,差异均达到显著水平。与-P处理相比叶面积、鲜质量均无显著变化。氮磷钾对板栗产量的影响为:与-N、-P、-K处理比较,NPK处理单株栗蓬数分别增加23.3%,50.5%,50.2%,空蓬率分别降低4.8,6.7,3.5个百分点,单蓬粒数分别增加0.7,0.5,0.5个,板栗产量分别增加56.3%,42.2%,39.8%,差异均达到显著水平。氮磷钾去向:地上部吸收氮磷钾按100%计算,枝干和叶片分别占70.2%,85.9%,70.2%,板栗果实(栗蓬和栗果)分别占29.8%,14.1%,29.8%。果实中栗果(栗仁、栗皮)氮、磷和钾吸收量分别占板栗果实吸收总量的41.2%,69.2%,67.7%。在未曾扰动片麻岩区板栗树施用氮、磷、钾肥均显著增加板栗产量,施用氮肥主要通过增加单株栗蓬数和单蓬粒数、降低空蓬率增产;施用磷肥通过降低空蓬率、钾肥通过增加单株栗蓬数增产,氮磷钾对板栗增产贡献率为N、K>P。
关键词:
燕山片麻岩,
板栗,
氮磷钾,
产量效应,
养分去向
Abstract: This paper studied that the responses of six-years-old Chestnut trees to N,P and K fertilizer and the distribution in plants located at Yanshan gneiss region were investigated in 3-year period.Influence of NPK fertilization on Chinese chestnut growth:comparing to-N and-K treatments,NPK treatment increased the leaf areas by 20.2% and 27.4% respectively (P<0.05),and the fresh weights of single leaves were increased with 6.7% and 13.7% respectively (P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in leaf area and fresh weight between-P and NPK treatments.Impact of NPK fertilization on Chinese chestnut yield:compared with-N,-P and -K treatments,NPK treatment increased the yield by 23.3%,50.5%,50.2%,and the empty Chestnut shuck rate was reduced by 4.8,6.7 and 3.5 percent,respectively.The amount of chestnut per Chestnut shuck was increased by 0.7,0.5 and 0.5,respectively.In comparison with-N,-P and-K,the NPK treatment increased Chinese chestnut yield significantly by 56.3%,42.2% and 39.8% respectively.Aboveground uptake of NPK nutrients:the N,P,K uptake of the stem and leaves accounted for 70.2%,85.9% and 70.2% of the total aboveground uptake,where the uptake of Chestnut grain (Chestnut seed and shell) accounted for 41.2%,69.2%and 67.7% of the total.Of the Chinese chestnut grain,the N,P and K uptake of chestnut seed accounted for 29.8%,14.1% and 29.8% of the total in grain.Application of NPK in underutilized gneiss area increased the chestnut yield significantly,where the N application increased the number of Chestnut shuck per plant and grain number per Chestnut shuck and reducing the empty Chestnut shuck rate,meanwhile,the empty Chestnut shuck rate was reduced by P fertilization and the grain number per single Chestnut shuck was increased by K application;the order of the contribution rate of N,P and K for Chinese chestnut yield was N,K>P.
Key words:
Yanshan mountain Gneiss rocks,
Chinese chestnut,
NPK,
Yield response,
Flow condition
中图分类号:
张伟, 刘建玲, 廖文华, 李志田, 袁维翰. 京东板栗对氮磷钾的响应及养分去向[J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(5): 174-179. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.029.
ZHANG Wei, LIU Jian-ling, LIAO Wen-hua, LI Zhi-tian, YUAN Wei-han. Yield Response of Chinese Chestnut to N,P and K Fertilization in the Gneiss Area of Yanshan Mountain[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2015, 30(5): 174-179. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.029.