华北农学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 146-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.025

所属专题: 水稻 抗旱节水

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

分蘖期控水处理对超级稻产量和生理特性的影响

王抄抄1,2, 孔雷蕾1,2, 李妹娟1,2, 唐湘如1,2, 杜尧东3, 王华3   

  1. 1. 华南农业大学 农学院, 广东 广州 510642;
    2. 农业部华南地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 广东 广州 510642;
    3. 广东省气候中心, 广东 广州 510080
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-02 出版日期:2015-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 唐湘如(1964-),男,湖南宁乡人,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物栽培与生理研究。
  • 作者简介:王抄抄(1990-),男,安徽淮南人,在读硕士,主要从事作物栽培与生理研究。
  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业专项(GYHY201406025);广东省农业攻关项目(20041320101007)

Effect of Water Treatments at Tillering Stage on Super Rice Yield and Physiological Characteristics

WANG Chao-chao1,2, KONG Lei-lei1,2, LI Mei-juan1,2, TANG Xiang-ru1,2, DU Yao-dong3, WANG Hua3   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
    2. Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China;
    3. Climate Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2015-08-02 Published:2015-10-28

摘要: 为了探明超级稻在不同分蘖阶段的最适控水程度,以广东省主推超级稻品种玉香油占为材料,于2014年在华南农业大学农场进行田间试验。在水稻分蘖数达到不同的2个阶段分别设置2个水分梯度处理,研究了分蘖至拔节期控水处理对超级稻叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量和光合特性等的影响,以及对产量构成因素和最终产量的影响。结果表明:分蘖期适度控水(控制0~20 cm土层平均土壤相对含水率为(60±5)%能够提高处理期间早季玉香油占叶片SOD、POD、CAT和晚季SOD、POD等抗氧化酶活性;也能够提高早晚季处理期间叶片脯氨酸等渗透调节物质含量;同时,还能够降低叶片MDA含量。分蘖期适度控水在复水后能够显著提高叶片净光合速率等光合特性,同时还能够减少无效分蘖数、提高后期叶面积指数,促进籽粒灌浆和光合产物的积累,进而提高成穗率、穗粒数和结实率,显著提高产量。因此,在玉香油占分蘖期控制0~20 cm土层平均土壤相对含水率为(60±5)%能够达到节水、高效栽培的目的。

关键词: 分蘖期, 控水, 生理, 光合, 产量

Abstract: To investigate the optimum degree of water control,main popularized super rice in Guangdong-Yuxiangyouzhan was selected as experimental material,field experiment was adopted in SCAU farm in 2014.Two water gradient treatments were set respectively while the tiller number reached to two different stages.The effect of water treatments on leaf antioxidant enzyme activity,content of osmoregulation substance,photosynthetic characteristics had been studied.The yield components and yield were studied too.Results showed that,moderate control of water (the average relative soil water content reach about (60±5)% at 0-20 cm soil layer) at tillering stage could improve Yuxiangyouzhan leaves' antioxidant enzyme activity-improve SOD,POD and CAT activity in early season;SOD,POD activity in later season during treatments.Osmoregulation substance like leaves' proline content was improved and MDA content was decreased in both seasons during treatments.Rehydration after treatments could significantly improve W4's net photosynthetic rate and some other photosynthetic characteristics,meanwhile,decrease ineffective tillerings,improve LAI in late stage,then promote the accumulation of photosynthetic products and grain fillings,then improve spike rate,grains number per spike and seed setting rate,therefore the grain yield was significantly improved. As a result,moderate control of water (the average relative soil water content reach about (60±5)% at 0-20 cm soil layer) of Yuxiangyouzhan at tillering stage could attain the goal of water-saving and high-efficiency cultivation.

Key words: Tillering stage, Water control, Physiological, Photosynthetic, Yield

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引用本文

王抄抄, 孔雷蕾, 李妹娟, 唐湘如, 杜尧东, 王华. 分蘖期控水处理对超级稻产量和生理特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(5): 146-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.025.

WANG Chao-chao, KONG Lei-lei, LI Mei-juan, TANG Xiang-ru, DU Yao-dong, WANG Hua. Effect of Water Treatments at Tillering Stage on Super Rice Yield and Physiological Characteristics[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2015, 30(5): 146-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.05.025.

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