摘要： 采用传统统计和地统计相结合的方法,对规模经营的黑龙江江川农场76.5hm2水稻田土壤养分空间变异特征与高效平衡施肥效应进行了研究。试区土壤养分主要限制因子是N、P、K和Zn,不同土壤养分的变异情况各不相同;三种网格(50m×50m、100m×100m和150m×150m)取样尺度下试区9个水稻田块间土壤主要养分含量差异总体上均显著,但同一田块三种网格取样尺度下土壤主要养分含量差异总体上均不显著;三种网格取样尺度的同一土壤速效养分在空间分布上具有较明显的空间相似性。表明按150m×150m网格进行土壤取样,能对规模经营稻田不同田块土壤主要养分状况进行正确评价;对规模经营的江川农场试区稻田可按田块(6.3～12.9hm²/田块)为管理单元进行土壤养分分区管理。在上述工作基础上,利用作物优质高产推荐施肥咨询服务系统,形成了试区水稻高效分区平衡施肥技术。该技术增产4.3%～11.2%,增收779～1532元/hm²

关键词: 规模经营稻田, 土壤养分, 作物产量, 空间变异, 平衡施肥效应

Abstract: This study was conducted to determine spatial variability of soil nutrients and crop response to balanced fertilization in a 76. 5 ha rice production area of Jiangchuan farm in Heilongjiang Province using traditional statistics and geo-statistics. The results showed that soil nutrient limiting factors were N,P,K and Zn in the study area.Significant differences in contents of soil nutrients among 9 fields were found under three grid-sampling scales (50 m × 50 m,100 m × 100 m and 150 m × 150 m). Whereas insignificant differences in contents of each nutrient in soil were observed under the three grid-sampling scales. Distinct spatial distribution similarity for each soil nutrient under the three grid-sampling scales was found with relatively high contents in some areas of the study area and relatively low contents in other areas,indicating that status of main soil nutrients under the collective contract system can be evaluated on 150 m × 150 m grid-sampling scale,and it was technically feasible to develop regionalized N,P,K and Zn nutrient management at the level of the field in this study area. Regionalized balanced fertilization techniques for high-yield rice production in the study area were developed based on the regionalized soil nutrient GIS maps and a computerized fertilizer recommendation system. The balanced fertilization techniques increased rice yield,income and nitrogen recovery rate by 4. 3%－11. 2%,779－1 532 RMB Yuan /ha and 12. 6－14. 0 percentage point,respectively.

Key words: Rice production area under the collective contract system, Soil nutrients, Spatial variability, Corp yield, Balanced fertilization

中图分类号: 

• S143