摘要： 为利用中间偃麦草对小麦白粉病的抗性,通过八倍体小偃麦TAI7045与普通小麦杂交、回交,育成一批兼抗我国黄淮麦区和西南麦区小麦白粉病、条锈病的新品系和新材料。抗性评价结果表明,无论苗期还是成株期,对小麦白粉病菌优势小种E09及强毒力小种E20、E21表现为免疫或高抗的有57份,占测试材料的67.9%;中抗的有10份,占11.9%,且对白粉病的抗性来自中间偃麦草。对随机选取的4份抗病品系及其与普通小麦的杂交F1进行了根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体计数和花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I(PMC MI)染色体构型分析,结果表明,它们的染色体数目均为2n=42,4个材料及其与中国春杂交F1的平均染色体配对构型分别为0.13Ⅰ+19.75Ⅱ+0.06Ⅲ和0.16Ⅰ+20.06Ⅱ+0.04Ⅲ,而且与中国春小麦的染色体配对构型无显著差异,说明它们的染色体组成与普通小麦基本一致,在遗传学和细胞学上已具有良好的稳定性。

关键词: 小麦, 中间偃麦草, 白粉病, 基因导入, 抗性评价

Abstract: Powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp.Tritici( Bgt), is a globally important disease of wheat.An attempt has been made to transfer the resistance to powdery mildew from Thinopyrum intermedium to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) by crossing Th.intermedium-derived partial amphiploid TAI7045 as a donor with susceptible wheat cultivars.The results from evaluation of powdery mildew responses showed that, among eighty-four homogeneous BC1F5-derived wheat lines derived from the cross Jing 411/TAI7045//Jinmai 33, sixty-seven lines,accounting for 79.8% of all the materials tested, conferred resistance to powdery mildew similar to its donor TAI7045, and the parent Th.intermedium and resistant at the seedling and adult stages to Bgt isolates E09,a prevalent pathotype in the Beijing area,E20 and E21,which are the most widely virulent pathotypes in China and virulent to most of the Pm genes.The cytological analyses demonstrated that four random selected resistant lines and their F1 s involving Chinese Spring ( CS) wheat had 42 chromosomes in the root tip cells and an average meiotic configuration at PMC MI of 0.13 I + 19.75 II +0.06 III and 0.16 I +20.06 II +0.04 III, respectively, indicting that their chromosome had a good pairing with wheat, and was stable in cytology．

Key words: Wheat, Thinopyrum intermedium, Powdery mildew, Gene transfer, Resistance evaluation

中图分类号: 

• S512.103.53