摘要： 以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04为亲本构建259个F_{2: 3}和220个BC₂S₁家系群体, 利用SSR标记构建分子标记遗传图谱, 利用复合区间作图方法对4个生育期性状进行QTL定位和效应分析。利用F_{2: 3}群体共检测到4个抽雄期QTL、6个吐丝期QTL和3个散粉期QTL。单个QTL可解释的表型变异为6.7%~18.4%, 可解释的表型总变异为28.9%~50.3%, 11个QTL的增效基因来自生育期较长的亲本丹232, 其余2个QTL的增效基因来自生育期较短的亲本N04; BC₂S₁群体检测到8个与4个生育期性状相关的QTL, 单个QTL可解释的表型变异为4.5%~11.6%, 可解释的表型总变异为13.2%~18.5%, 增效基因来自两个亲本的QTL为3个和5个。两类群体检测出QTL的数目、位置、效应和贡献率均存在较大差异, 主要原因在于BC₂S₁群体抽样选择所引起的群体结构差异, F_{2: 3}群体显示出较高的QTL检测能力, 但回交育种过程中应慎重依据F2: 3群体QTL定位结果进行标记辅助选择(MAS)。

关键词: 普通玉米, 爆裂玉米, F2群体, BC2S1群体, 生育期, QTL定位

Abstract: Two hundred and fifty-nine F_{2: 3} and 220 BC₂S₁ families, derived from the same cross between Dan232, a dent corn inbred and N04, a popcorn inbred, were evaluated for four developmental stages, tassel emergence, male anthesis, silk emergence and clays from male anthesis to silk emergence(ASI).Quantative trait loci(QTL) were identified and their effects were evaluated using composite interval mapping(CIM) method. A total of 13 QTL were detected in the F_{2: 3} population, the numbers of QTL were 4, 6 and 3 for tassel emergence, male anthesis and silk emergence, respectively. Contribution to phenotypic variation of a single QTL varied from 6.7% to 18.4%, and total contributions of all QTL were from 28.9% to 50.3%.The favorable alleles of 11 QTL were from Dan232, the parent with much longer developmental stages, while the favorable alleles of other two QTL were from N04, the parent with much shorter developmental stages. In the BC₂S₁ population, eight QTL were detected totally, all two for each developmental stage. Contribution to phenotypic variation of a single QTL varied from 4.5% to 11. 6%, and total contribution of all QTL were from 13.2% to 18.5%. The favorable alleles of three and five QTL were contributed by the two parents, respectively. There were obvious difffences between the two populationn in numbers of detected QTL and their positions, effects and contributions. The main reason might be attributed to their different population structures clue to strict selections while developing the BC₂S₁ population. Although F_{2: 3} population had higher ability in QTL identffication, it should be taken great consideration to conduct MAS in backcross breeding according to the QTL mapping results in F_{2: 3} populations.

Key words: Normal maize, Popcorn(Zea mays L. everta Stun), F_{2: 3} population, BC₂S₁ population, Quantitative trait loci(QTL), QTL analysis

中图分类号: 

• S513.03