摘要： 从细胞学的角度对小麦83（21）35核背景的T型、V型和K型细胞质雄性不育系的花粉败育机理进行了研究。发现三类不育系的小孢子发生过程基本正常，T型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期发生败育，以典败型和圆败型为主；V型不育系的花粉主要在小孢子后期至二细胞花粉期败育，以圆败型和浅染败型为主；而K型不育系的花粉主要在二细胞花粉后期至三细胞花粉期败育，以浅染败型和深染败型为主。药室合并现象普遍发生是T型不育系花药的一个突出特点，而V型和K型人育系花药各壁层的发育是正常的。核质发育关系不协调是不育系花粉败育的根本原因。细胞学观察结果可以作为不育细胞质类型划分的一项参考指标。

关键词: 小麦, 细胞质雄性不育性, 同核异质, 花粉败育, 细胞学

Abstract: The pollen abortion processes of cms-T, V and K in wheat with the same nuclear background (83(21)35) were studied cytologically by. light microscopy. It was found that the microsporogenesis of cms-T、V and K were normal. The pollens of cms-T aborted at late microspore stage, mainly in typical and spherical abortion types; those of cms-V aborted at late microspore-2-celled pollen stage, spherical abortion and light-staining abortion were the main types; while those of cms-K aborted at late 2-celled pollen-3-celled pollen stage, light-and blackstaining abortion were the main types.
The abnormal fusion of anther locules was very pApular in cms-T, while the developement of anther wall layers in cms-K or cms-V was normal. The inharmonious relation between nuclear and cytoplasm is the fundamental cause of opllen abortion. The cytological observation can be used as complemental criterion for determining the types of cms.

Key words: Cytology Wheat, Cytoplasmic male sterility, Pollen abortion, Isonuclear alloplasmic line

中图分类号: 

• S512.103