摘要： 植物遗传多样性的研究不仅与资源的收集、保存和更新密切相关，而且是种质资源创新和品种改良的基础。在遗传多样性评价的基础上，通过比较种质间的相似和相异性，探讨作物的起源和演化，研究种质间的亲缘和系统分类关系，已经成为种质资源研究的重要内容。通过对65份大白菜种质资源形态性状的调查与分析，发现在茸毛、中肋色、中肋长度、叶球重量等农艺性状方面存在显著差异，而且存在较大的极差，不同的性状在不同的材料之间表现出了不同程度的多样性。大白菜生长过程中的重要性状，如茸毛的变异系数达到了77.5%，中肋色的变异系数为53.5%；株高的极差达到60.0cm，叶片长度极差达到了62.0cm；直接影响植株开展度的中肋长度不仅变异系数较高，为40.0%，极差也较高，为49.6cm，同时，质量性状中也存在着许多明显的差异。由此可见，我国的大白菜种质资源中存在着极其显著的遗传差异和丰富的多样性，如此多样的资源为我们进行大白菜新品种选育提供了丰富的物质基础。

关键词: 大白菜, 种质资源, 形态性状

Abstract: The morphological traits of 65 Chinese cabbage germplasm were studied and analyzed.It was found that there was distinct difference on the floss,petiole color,petiole length,head shape,head weight,and so on.There are different extend of diversity on the different varieties.Among the different varieties,the variation-coefficient of the floss goes up to 77.5%,which is the important trait in the period of growth on Chinese cabbage.The variation-coefficient of the petiole color can be 53.5%.Further more,the widest range of plant height goes up to 60.0cm,and that of the leaf length goes up to 62.0cm.Petiole length that directly affects plant diameter not only has higher variation-coefficient,which can be 40.0%,but also has higher widest range,which can be 49.6cm.Many distinct differences were also found in the qualitative traits.Thus it can be seen that there are distinct genetic diversity in the Chinese cabbage germplasm.

Key words: Chinese cabbage, Germplasm resource, Morphological traits

中图分类号: 

• S634.1