摘要： 三元杂种[（亚洲棉×比克氏棉）×陆地棉]及其反交的回交后代在性状上发生疯狂分离，在育性上分离出3种类型：可育型、不完全可育型、不育型。对这3种类型及三元杂种F₁减数分裂及其花粉的形成过程观察表明，三元杂种F₁及回交后代的不育型，不育的根本原因在于减数分裂中期染色体不能正常配对，引起部分染色体滞后及染色体不均等分配，从而产生多分孢子和微核，最终导致不育花粉的产生；不完全可育型，大部分染色体联合配对成二价体，仅个别为单价体，这些单价体在后期随机向两极分离，产生的二分孢子有的正常，有的不正常，进而形成的花粉粒仅个别正常；可育株染色体配对正常，因而形成的花粉粒可育。

关键词: 棉花, 三元杂种, 育性, 回交

Abstract: Backcross progenies BC 4F₁ of interspecific hybrid (G.hirsutum×(G.arboreum×G.bickii)) seperated crazily in every characters and many new characters appeared.According to the fertility,the plants of backcross progenies were classified into 3 groups:sterile, semisterile and fertile plant and chromosome behavior during meiosis in pollen mother cell of the interspecific hybrid F₁ and the three types were studied.The main results are as follows:the sterile cause of F₁,BC 4F₁ sterile material in the trispecific hybrid was that the chromosomes could not make a pair normally in meiosis, leading to some lagging, uneven distributing chromosomes, multispores, micronuclei and sterile pollens. In semisterile plants, the chromosomes could make a pair mostly in meiosis, only a few could not make a pair normally.In fertile plants of BC 4F₁, the chromosomes could make a pair normally in meiosis and normal pollen grains were formed, the fertility was recorved.

Key words: Interspecific hybrid, Fertility, Backcross

中图分类号: 

• S52.035.1