摘要： 按p×q交配模式，以4个Rht3矮秆系为母本，10个小麦品种（系）为父本配制了40个杂种F₁,研究其粒重优势表现。结果表明，40个杂种的平均优势平均为11.95%,变幅为-6.49%～28.83%.超亲优势平均为0.12%,变幅为-18.95%～17.57%.竞争优势平均为-4.96%,变幅为-24.24%～17.74%.选用粒重较高的Rht3矮秆系如ND35和ND37作母本，粒重超过对照的品种（系）作父本，较易获得粒重具正向竞争优势的杂种。14个亲本的配合力分析，针对选育高粒重的杂交组合育种目标，矮秆系中ND35和ND37利用价值较高，10个品种（系）中邯分86-13、鲁895023和鲁896018的利用价值较高。讨论了克服Rht3基因对粒重的不利效应，选育高粒重半矮秆杂种小麦的途径。

关键词: 千粒重, 杂种优势, 竞争优势, 配合力

Abstract: According to p×q mating pattern,40 hybrid F₁s were made with 4 Rht3 dwarfing lines as female parents and 10 varieties(lines) as male parents.Studies on the expression of grain weight heterosis were made among the hybrids.Results showed that average heterosis changed from -6.49% to 28.83% and its average was 11.95%.Heterosis over higher parents changed from -18.95 to 11.57% and its average was 0.12%.Average of competitive heterosis was -4.96 which changed from -24.24% to 17.74%.It is easier to obtain hybrids with positive competitive heterosis when Rht3 dwarfing lines with relative high 1000 grain weight such as ND35 and ND37 were chosen as female parents and varieties(lines) with the 1000 grain weight higher than that of check varieties were used as male parents.Results of the analysis of combining ability showed that ND35 and ND37 among 4 dwarfing lines and Hanfen 86.13,Lu 895023 and Lu 896018 among 10 varieties(lines)were much more valuable than other parents for breeding hybrids with high 1000 grain weight.Discussions were made on the methods for breeding semi dwarfing hybrids with high grain weight in the case of overcorming disadvangeous effects of Rht3 gene on grain weight.

Key words: graint weight, Heterosis, Competitive heterosis, Combining ability

中图分类号: 

• S512.103