摘要： 试验于1987～1989年在乌兹别克共和国实验生物研究所和塔什干农学院进行。研究结果表明, 用矮秆、早熟陆地棉和海岛棉杂交, F₁的营养生长优势弱, 而生殖优势强。集约化类型陆地棉和海岛棉杂交种的叶面积小, 叶绿体数量少, 而单叶绿体的光合作用强度和光化学活性增强, 杂交种可以很经济地利用细胞资源。试验结果还显示, 陆地棉、海岛棉栽培种与野生、半野生亚种的杂交后代表现出明显的核质基因互作效应。当野生、半野生棉为母本时, 后代的主茎高度, 果枝长度, 叶面积和根系发育受到抑制。

关键词: 棉花, 种间杂种, 光合作用, 光化学活性, 核质互作

Abstract: F₁ obtained through crossing the dwarf and early maturing species G. hirsutum L. with G. barbadense L. expressed weaker heterosis in vegetative growth and stronger heterosis in reproductive growth. The leaf area and chloroplast amount in the intensive-type hybrids of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. were less, and photosynthetic intensity and photochemical activity for single chloroplast were higher than those of their parents. The hybrid economically utilized the cell resources. The progenies obtained through hybridizing cultivated species with wild or semiwild subspecies showed obvious nucleocytoplasmic interaction effects. lt was found out that when the wild and semiwild subspecies were used as maternal parents, the main stem height, fruit bianch length, leaf area and root system of their hybrids were inhibited.

Key words: Cotton, Interspecific hybrid, Photosynthysis, Photochemical activity, Nucleocytoplasmic interaction