摘要： 用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS—PAGE）, 分析了河北省611份小麦地方品种的麦谷蛋白高分子量（HMW）亚基构成, 并依据SDS—PAGE图谱对地方品种的同名异种作了鉴别分析。结果表明, 河北省地方品种的麦谷蛋白HMW亚基分布是很单一的, 且类型较少, 以Glu-Alc（频率97.1％）、Glu-Blb（80.7％）和Glu-D1a（90.5％）为其优势等位基因, 表明地方品种烘烤品质一般较差, 同时又具有很特殊的亚基类型：有两个频率较高的异常类型, 其等位基因可能是最近公布的Glu-Blaj（只编码8亚基）和Glu-Dlk（只编码2亚基）, 说明我国古老地方品种是一特殊小麦群体类型。同名品种中具有相同SDS—PAGE图谱的品种认为是同一基因型, 具有很高的遗传相似性。虽然其中有少数其它基因型, 我们认为它们是种植过程中自然变异的结果。

关键词: 小麦, 地方品种, 麦谷蛋白, 高分子量, 亚基, 同名异种

Abstract: The high molacular weight(HMW) subunit composition of glu-tenin was analysed by SDS-PAGE in 611 local varieties of the common wheat(T. aestivum L.), and triticum varieties different to the local varieties were also analysed by their electrophoretograms. The results showed that there were only few simple composition types for HMW subunits. Glu-Ale, Glu-Bib and Glu-Dla, accounting for 97.1%, 80.7% and 90.5% respectively, were superabundant, and the varieties with these alleles were generally bad in baking quality. Some novel variants were found including Glu-Blaj(coding only subunit 8) and Glu-Dlk(coding only subunit 2). This suggested that the local varieties belonged to a special wheat group. According to the electrophoretograms, the triticum varieties different to the local varieties were considered to belong to the same genotype and were highly similar in heredity.

Key words: T. aestivum, Local varieties, Variety identification