A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage and fertilization measures on the microbial quantity,enzyme activity,moisture and nutrients of soil.Four tillage and fertilization treatments were selected:deep tillage(DCK),deep tillage+organic fertilizer(DOF),shallow tillage(SCK),and shallow tillage+organic fertilizer(SOF).The results of 5-year field experiments showed that,without the application of organic fertilizer,the number of fungi and actinomycetes in 0-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher in DCK than in SCK(P<0.05),while the number of bacteria in DCK was significantly higher only in 20-40 cm soil layer than that of SCK.Organic fertilizer could significantly increase the number of microorganisms(P<0.05).In 0-20 cm soil layer,the numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in DOF treatment increased by 180.6%,53.6% and 19.8%,respectively,compared to DCK,while in SOF treatment increased by 8%,14.2% and 36.9%,respectively,compared to SCK.Deep tillage could increase the soil urease activity and soil water content compared with shallow tillage(P<0.05).Application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the urease activity and soil water content under deep tillage condition.In 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer,the urease activity of DOF treatment increased by 11.9% and 54.3%,respectively,and the soil water content of DOF increased by 4.67% and 4.49%,respectively,compared with DCK.Deep tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 20-40 cm soil layer,while shallow tillage helped to increase the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer.Application of organic fertilizer could increase the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in 0-20 cm soil layer.The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in SOF treatment increased by 36.24% and 5.54%,respectively,and the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in DOF treatment increased by 8.98% and 37.72%,respectively,compared to DCK.It was clear that deep tillage+organic fertilizer could significantly improve the soil micro-environment and soil fertility.
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