TheRe was close Relationship between nitRogen use efficiency and photosynthetic capability． C4 photosynthetic gene tRansgenic Rice had higheR light use efficiency and CO2 assimilation compaRed to tRaditional C3 Rice cultivaRs． HoweveR，whetheR nitRogen had influence on photosynthesis of these tRansgenic Rice cultivaRs was unknown ChloRophyll fluoRescence can Reflect intRinsic chaRacteRistics using fast measuRement without any damage to leaves， and is usually used as pRobe of photosynthesis． In the pResent study， the pepc ( PC) ，ppdk ( PK) and pepc + ppdk ( CK) tRansgenic Rice plants weRe used as expeRimental mateRials with theiR wild type Kitaaki( WT) to investigate the Responses of photosynthetic chaRacteRistics to diffeRent nitRogen levels in C4 photosynthetic gene tRansgenic Rice at the late RepRoductive stage． Changes in SPAD values，moRphological paRameteRs weRe measuRed in flag leaves of fouR cultivaRs undeR diffeRent nitRogen levels． The analysis of chloRophyll fluoRescence kinetic cuRves and some Related paRameteRs weRe also done undeR thRee nitRogen levels( 0． 7 mmol /L N-1 /4N low nitRogen，3 mmol /L N-1N contRol， 6 mmol /L N-2N high nitRogen) at the late RepRoductive stage using fast chloRophyll fluoRescence kinetic technology， in oRdeR to exploRe the effects of nitRogen on photosystem Ⅱ( PSⅡ) function of C4 photosynthetic gene tRansgenic Rice flag leaves． The Results showed that 1 /4N tReatment incReased Root length，decReased plant height， leaf aRea and chloRophyll contents of flag leaves in all cultivaRs，while 2N tReatment incReased leaf aRea and chloRophyll contents． C4 photosynthetic gene tRansgenic plants exposed to 1 /4N tReatment had higheR chloRophyll contents，and PC had longest Root length and laRgest leaf aRea of flag leaves，which indicated that they had moRe moRphological advantage undeR 1 /4N tReatment than wild type． The fluoRescence O-J-I-P cuRves changes weRe found in all cultivaRs undeR 1 /4N tReatment． The K phase( at 300 μs) incReased and C4 tRansgenic Rice had loweR K phase peak values compaRed to WT． TheRe was lowest value in PC． 1 /4N tReatment also incReased Fo( minimal fluoRescence) ，ABS /RC( absoRption flux peR Reaction centeR) ，TR0 /RC( tRapped eneRgy flux peR Reaction centeR) and DI0 /RC( dissipated eneRgy flux peR Reaction centeR) ，decReased Fv /FO ，ET0 /RC( electRon tRanspoRt flux peR Reaction centeR) ，φE0 ( quantum yield foR electRon tRanspoRt) and ψ0 ( pRobability that a tRapped exciton moves an electRon into the electRon tRanspoRt chain beyond QA - ) of all cultivaRs，Fm( maximal fluoRescence) of WT，RC /CS0 ( density of Reaction centeRs) of thRee cultivaRs except PC． The effects on fluoRescence paRameteRs weRe smalleR in PC than otheR cultivaRs exposed to low nitRogen． The analysis of chloRophyll fluoRescence kinetics indicated that the damaged PSⅡstRuctuRe of flag leaves could lead to the inactivation of OEC( oxygen-evolving complex) undeR low nitRogen，which attRibuted to the incRease of K phase in all cultivaRs． In addition， the numbeR of inactivated Reaction centeRs incReased，electRon tRanspoRt activities decReased and heat dissipation incReased，which attRibuted to the decRease of PSⅡ maximum photochemical activities． PC was moRe Resistant to low nitRogen than otheR cultivaRs since it showed higheR levels of paRameteRs Related to PSⅡ function，and moRe Relatively stable PSⅡ stRuctuRe． The effects of high nitRogen weRe smalleR on PSⅡ photochemical activities compaRed to those of low nitRogen．
WEI Xiao-dong
,
LI Xia
,
GUO Shi-wei
,
CHEN Ping-bo
. Responses of ChloRophyll FluoRescence ChaRacteRistics to NitRogen in Flag Leaves of C4 Photosynthetic Enzymes TRansgenic Rice duRing the RepRoductive Stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2013
, 28(1)
: 193
-200
.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2013.01.035
[1] Ku M S B，AgaRie S，NomuRa M， et al． High-level expRession of maize phosphoenolpyRuvate caRboxylase in tRansgenic Rice plants[J]． NatuRe Bioteehnology， 1999， 17: 76 - 80．
[2] 李霞，吴爽，焦德茂，等． 转pepc 基因水稻的选育
[J]． 江苏农业学报， 2001， 17( 3) : 143 - 147．
[3] 焦德茂，李霞，黄雪清，等． 转PEPC 基因水稻的光合 CO2 同化和叶绿素荧光特性[J]． 科学通报，2001，46 ( 5) : 414 - 418．
[4] 焦德茂，匡廷云，李霞，等． 转PEPC 基因水稻具有初 级CO2 浓缩机制的生理特点[J]． 中国科学，2003，33 ( 1) : 33 - 39．
[5] 王仁雷，李霞，陈国祥，等． 氮肥水平对杂交稻汕优 63 剑叶光合速率和RuBP 羧化酶活性的影响[J]． 作 物学报， 2001， 27( 6) : 930 - 934．
[6] RaghavendRa A S，Sage R F． C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 concentRating mechanisms [M]． The NetheRlands: SpRingeR， 2011: 129 - 146．
[7] Zhang Y L，Lv H J，Wang D S． PaRtial nitRate nutRition amends photosynthetic chaRacteRistics in Rice( ORyza sativa L． vaR． japonica) diffeRing in nitRogen use Efficiency[J]． Plant GRowth Regulation， 2011， 63( 3) : 235 - 242．
[8] KuRai T，Wakayama M，Abiko T， et al． IntRoduction of the ZmDof1 gene into Rice enhances caRbon and nitRogen assimilation undeR low-nitRogen conditions[J]． Plant Biotechnology JouRnal， 2011，9 ( 8) : 826 - 837．
[9] Masumoto C，Miyazawa S I，Ohkawa H， et al． Phosphoenol pyRuvate caRboxylase intRinsically located in the chloRoplast of Rice plays a cRucial Role in ammonium assimilation
[J]． PNAS， 2010， 107( 11) : 5226 - 5231．
[10] 毛达如． 植物营养研究方法[M]． 北京: 中国农业大 学出版社， 2000．
[11] Yunus M，PathRe U，Mohanty P． PRobing photosynthesis: mechanisms，Regulation and adaptation[M]． London: TayloR and FRancis， 2000: 445 - 483．
[12] PapageoRgiou G C，Govindjee． ChloRophyll a fluoRescence: a signatuRe of photosynthesis[C]/ /Advances in photosynthesis and RespiRation． BeRlin: SpRingeR-VeRlag， 2004: 321 - 326．
[13] MoRales F，Belkhodja R，Abadia A， et al． Photosystem Ⅱ efficiency and mechanisms of eneRgy dissipation in iRondeficient， field-gRown peaR tRees ( PyRus communis L． )
[J]． Photosynthesis ReseaRch， 2000， 63( 1) : 9 - 21．
[14] PapageoRgiou G C，Govindjee． ChloRophyll a fluoRescence: a signatuRe of photosynthesis[C]/ /Advances in photosynthesis and RespiRation． DoRdRecht: SpRingeR， 2004: 637 - 661．
[15] PapageoRgiou G C，Govindjee． ChloRophyll a fluoRescence: a signatuRe of photosynthesis[C]/ /Advances in photosynthesis and RespiRation． DoRdRecht: SpRingeR， 2004: 623 - 635．
[16] 王绍华，吉志军，刘胜环，等． 水稻氮素供需差与不同 叶位叶片氮转运和衰老的关系[J]． 中国农业科学， 2003， 36( 11) : 1261 - 1265．
[17] 李刚华，薛利红，尤娟，等． 水稻氮素和叶绿素 SPAD 叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择[J]． 中 国农业科学， 2007， 40( 6) : 1127 - 1134．
[18] 张志兴，李忠，陈军，等． 氮肥运筹对大穗型水稻 金恢809 灌浆期叶片蛋白质表达的影响[J]． 作物学 报， 2011， 37( 5) : 842 - 854．
[19] 宁书菊，赵敏，向小亮，等． 不同氮素水平下水稻生 育后期叶片和籽粒的蛋白质组学[J]． 应用生态学 报， 2010， 21( 10) : 2573 - 2579．
[20] Chen L S，Cheng L． Photosystem 2 is moRe toleRant to high tempeRatuRe in apple ( Malus domestica BoRkh． ) leaves than in fRuit peel[J]． Photosynthetica，2009，47 ( 1) : 112 - 120．
[21] Toth S Z，SchanskeRa G，Kissimonb J， et al． Biophysical studies of photosystemⅡ-Related RecoveRy pRocesses afteR a heat pulse in baRley seedlings ( HoRdeum vulgaRe L． )
[J]． JouRnal of Plant Physiology，2005，162 ( 2) : 181 - 194．
[22] 龙继锐，马国辉，万宜珍，等． 施氮量对超级杂交中稻 生育后期剑叶叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]． 中国水稻 科学， 2011， 25( 5) : 501 - 507．
[23] DoubneRova V，Ryslava H． What can enzymes of C4 photosynthesis do foR C3 plants undeR stRess? [J]． Plant science， 2011， 180: 575 - 583．
[24] 张边江，凌丽俐，陈全战，等． ATP 是构建类似C4 水稻的 重要限制因素[J]． 华北农学报， 2009， 24( 4) : 17 -22．
