冬小麦生长和产量对浅埋滴灌施用水溶肥的响应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196286

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究浅埋滴灌条件下滴施水溶肥对冬小麦生长和产量的影响,于2022-2024年进行田间试验。试验考虑灌水量和施肥方案2个因素,灌水量设置高和低2个水平。施肥方案以传统的基肥+尿素为对照F₀,设置50%基肥+水溶肥方案F₁、0基肥+水溶肥方案F₂、100%基肥+水溶肥方案F₃和100%基肥+水溶肥方案+有机肥(50%腐殖酸+40%黄腐酸)F₄,共5个水平。结果表明:基肥减量50%相比对照处理株高、茎粗、叶面积指数(LAI)、SPAD值和产量分别提高了5.02%,13.81%,12.26%,0.16%,8.82%,0基肥处理小麦减产。施用水溶肥相比于施用尿素,小麦株高、茎粗、LAI、SPAD值和产量分别提高5.48%,18.91%,18.49%,2.65%,6.05%。在水溶肥中添加有机肥可使株高、茎粗、LAI、SPAD值和产量进一步提高2.89%,4.88%,5.69%,3.05%,6.74%。高灌水量比低灌水量处理小麦的茎粗、LAI和SPAD值分别提高5.79%,13.94%,8.74%,小麦产量提高7.23%。基肥减施50%小麦收益最大,基肥用量不变追施尿素改用水溶肥因成本提高导致收益降低,在水溶肥中增加有机肥可使小麦收益增加。综上,水溶肥结合浅埋滴灌技术可对小麦生长产生积极影响,而基肥减量50%+追施水溶肥与追施水溶肥代替尿素并添加有机肥的施肥方案为小麦高产提供了可行路径。

关键词: 冬小麦, 浅埋滴灌, 水溶肥, 生长, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of drip application of water-soluble fertilizers under shallow buried drip irrigation on the growth and yield of winter wheat,field experiments were conducted from 2022 to 2024.The experiments considered two factors:irrigation water volume and fertilization schemes.Irrigation water volume was set at two levels:high and low.The fertilization schemes included traditional base fertilizer+urea as the control F₀,50% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F₁,0 base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F₂,100% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer F₃,and 100% base fertilizer+water-soluble fertilizer+organic fertilizer(50% humic acid+40% fulvic acid)F₄,totaling five levels.The results showed:compared to the control treatment,reducing base fertilizer by 50% increased plant height,stem diameter,leaf area index(LAI),SPAD value,and yield by 5.02%,13.81%,12.26%,0.16%,and 8.82%,respectively,while the 0 base fertilizer treatment resulted in reduced wheat yield.Compared to urea application,using water-soluble fertilizers increased wheat plant height,stem diameter,LAI,SPAD value,and yield by 5.48%,18.91%,18.49%,2.65%,and 6.05%,respectively.Adding organic fertilizer to water-soluble fertilizers further increased plant height,stem diameter,LAI,SPAD value,and yield by 2.89%,4.88%,5.69%,3.05%,and 6.74%,respectively.Compared to low irrigation water volume,high irrigation water volume increased wheat stem diameter,LAI,and SPAD value by 5.79%,13.94%,and 8.74%,respectively,and wheat yield by 7.23%.Reducing base fertilizer by 50% resulted in the highest profit for wheat,while maintaining base fertilizer application and replacing urea with water-soluble fertilizers reduced profits due to increased costs.Adding organic fertilizer to water-soluble fertilizers increased wheat profits.In conclusion,the combination of water-soluble fertilizers with shallow buried drip irrigation technology has a positive impact on wheat growth.The fertilization schemes of reducing base fertilizer by 50% and applying water-soluble fertilizers,or replacing urea with water-soluble fertilizers and adding organic fertilizer,provide feasible pathways for high wheat yields.

Key words: Winter wheat, Shallow burying drip irrigation, Water soluble fertilizer, Growth, Yield

中图分类号:

王宇鑫, 刘玉春, 张洺赫, 刘小艺, 王大鹏, 白宇, 温金金, 李满常, 赵红卫, 焦镇, 李秀梅. 冬小麦生长和产量对浅埋滴灌施用水溶肥的响应[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 129-141. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196286.

WANG Yuxin, LIU Yuchun, ZHANG Minghe, LIU Xiaoyi, WANG Dapeng, BAI Yu, WEN Jinjin, LI Manchang, ZHAO Hongwei, JIAO Zhen, LI Xiumei. Response of Winter Wheat Growth and Yield to Application of Water Soluble Fertilizer under Shallow Drip Irrigation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 129-141. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196286.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/129

图/表 14

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年份 Year	土壤深度/cm Soil depth	全氮/(g/kg) Total nitrogen	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	硝态氮/(mg/kg) Nitrate nitrogen	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium
2022-2023	0~20	0.92	14.32	10.46	15.83	143.85
	20~40	0.67	12.43	7.27	8.92	102.21
2023-2024	0~20	0.84	13.74	9.26	12.66	122.48
	20~40	0.69	11.36	6.83	7.19	95.26

年份 Year	土壤深度/cm Soil depth	全氮/(g/kg) Total nitrogen	有机质/(g/kg) Organic matter	硝态氮/(mg/kg) Nitrate nitrogen	速效磷/(mg/kg) Available phosphorus	速效钾/(mg/kg) Available potassium
2022-2023	0~20	0.92	14.32	10.46	15.83	143.85
	20~40	0.67	12.43	7.27	8.92	102.21
2023-2024	0~20	0.84	13.74	9.26	12.66	122.48
	20~40	0.69	11.36	6.83	7.19	95.26

土壤深度/ cm Soil depth	土壤颗粒级配(国际制) Soil particle size distribution (International system)			土壤质地 Soil texture	容重γ/ (g/cm³) Unit weight γ	饱和含水率/ (cm³/cm³) Saturated moisture content	田间持水率/ (cm³/cm³) Field water holding capacity
土壤深度/ cm Soil depth	砂粒/% Sand (0.05~2.0 mm)	粉粒/% Powder particle (0.002~0.05 mm)	黏粒/% Clay particles (≤0.002 mm)	土壤质地 Soil texture	容重γ/ (g/cm³) Unit weight γ	饱和含水率/ (cm³/cm³) Saturated moisture content	田间持水率/ (cm³/cm³) Field water holding capacity
0~20	62.00	33.95	4.05	砂壤土	1.43	0.343	0.273
20~40	63.12	34.20	2.68	砂壤土	1.42	0.331	0.263
40~60	60.01	36.21	3.78	砂壤土	1.40	0.328	0.260
60~80	55.16	40.37	4.47	砂壤土	1.46	0.355	0.279
80~100	55.19	41.53	3.28	砂壤土	1.48	0.345	0.279

土壤深度/ cm Soil depth	土壤颗粒级配(国际制) Soil particle size distribution (International system)			土壤质地 Soil texture	容重γ/ (g/cm³) Unit weight γ	饱和含水率/ (cm³/cm³) Saturated moisture content	田间持水率/ (cm³/cm³) Field water holding capacity
土壤深度/ cm Soil depth	砂粒/% Sand (0.05~2.0 mm)	粉粒/% Powder particle (0.002~0.05 mm)	黏粒/% Clay particles (≤0.002 mm)	土壤质地 Soil texture	容重γ/ (g/cm³) Unit weight γ	饱和含水率/ (cm³/cm³) Saturated moisture content	田间持水率/ (cm³/cm³) Field water holding capacity
0~20	62.00	33.95	4.05	砂壤土	1.43	0.343	0.273
20~40	63.12	34.20	2.68	砂壤土	1.42	0.331	0.263
40~60	60.01	36.21	3.78	砂壤土	1.40	0.328	0.260
60~80	55.16	40.37	4.47	砂壤土	1.46	0.355	0.279
80~100	55.19	41.53	3.28	砂壤土	1.48	0.345	0.279

年份 Year	试验处理 Test treatment	冬灌 Winter irrigation	返青期 Rejuvenation period	拔节期 Jointing stage	孕穗期 Booting stage	全生育期 Whole growth period
2022-2023	W₁	27	45	45	45.0	162.0
	W₂	27	30	30	30.0	117.0
2023-2024	W₁		45	45	19.5	109.5
	W₂		30	30	19.5	79.5

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