摘要：

研究干旱对花生农艺及生理生化性状的影响,并探究抗旱分级方法,筛选花生抗旱品种。以27个花生种质为试验材料,播后30 d测定花生干旱胁迫下农艺性状指标,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析和隶属函数法等相结合的方法进行抗旱性分级,选取抗旱型花生冀农花3号(JNH3)、中间型L231、敏旱型L236进行生理生化指标测定和显微结构观察,对不同抗旱型进行鉴定,获得不同抗旱性花生种质。结果表明:不同环境下干旱处理后主茎高降幅为2.26%~34.06%,第一对侧枝长降幅为1.11%~57.20%,主茎基粗降幅为1.54%~38.36%,根冠比降幅为65.01%~92.83%。据综合加权隶属函数将花生材料聚类为抗旱型、中间型和敏旱型3类,其中中间型和敏旱型花生上述性状较对照均达到显著水平。干旱胁迫下花生功能叶片ROS升高,通过NBT、DAB染色,发现不同抗旱类型花生ROS差异表达,其中NBT和DAB染色由浅到深均为冀农花3号、L231和L236,符合抗旱型分类。不同抗旱型花生各项酶活指标和渗透调节物质含量与对照相比均有显著提高,POD活性冀农花3号提高42.71%,L231提高26.04%,L236提高20.59%,不同品种间差异均达到显著水平,CAT活性趋势与上述一致。SOD活性冀农花3号提高48.01%,L231提高63.49%,L236提高73.15%,不同品种间差异均达到显著水平;MDA活性趋势与上述一致。脯氨酸含量冀农花3号提高1.10倍,L231提高1.07倍,L236提高1.03倍;可溶性糖含量冀农花3号提高44.06%,L231提高31.54%,L236提高38.62%,不同品种间差异均达到显著水平。干旱胁迫下花生根系生长受限,根总长和根总面积显著降低,根尖细胞部分坏死,程度由浅至深分别为冀农花3号、L231和L236。

关键词: 花生, 干旱胁迫, 农艺性状, 活性氧

Abstract:

This study investigated the impacts of drought on the agronomic,physiological,and biochemical characteristics of peanuts developed a classification methodology for drought resistance,screened the varieties of peanut with drought resistant.Agronomic traits of 27 peanut germplasms under drought stress were measured 30 days after sowing,and drought resistance was graded by correlation analysis,principal component analysis,cluster analysis,and membership function method.Drought-resistant peanut JNH3,intermediate L231,and drought-sensitive L236 were selected for determination of physiological and biochemical indexes and microstructure observation,and different drought-resistant peanut germplasms were identified.The results showed that after drought treatment,the decrease in main stem height ranged from 2.26% to 34.06%,the length of first branches decreased from 1.11% to 57.20%,the main stem base coarse decreased from 1.54% to 38.36%,and the root-shoot ratio decreased from 65.01% to 92.83% under different environments.According to the comprehensive weighted membership function,peanut materials were grouped into three types:drought-resistant,intermediate,and drought-sensitive.Among them, the above-mentioned traits of the intermediate type and the drought-sensitive type peanuts reached a significant level compared with the control. Under drought stress,ROS in functional leaves of peanut increased,and different expressions of ROS were found by NBT and DAB staining,among which NBT and DAB staining were JNH3,L231,and L236 from light to deep,conforming to the classification of drought resistance type.Compared with the control,the POD activity of JNH3,L231,and L236 increased by 42.71%,26.04% and 20.59% respectively,among different varieties,and CAT activity trend was consistent with the above.The SOD activity of JNH3,L231,and L236 increased by 48.01%,63.49% and 73.15% respectively,among different varieties,and the MDA activity trend was consistent with the above.The proline content of JNH3,L231,and L236 was increased by 1.1,1.07 and 1.03 times,and the soluble sugar content of JNH3,L231,and L236 was increased by 44.06%,31.54%,and 38.62% respectively,among different varieties.Under drought stress,peanut root growth was limited,the total root length and total root area were significantly reduced,the root tip cells were partially necrosis,and the degrees were shallow to deep in JNH3,L231,and L236 respectively.

Key words: Peanut, Drought stress, Agronomic trait, Reactive oxygen species

中图分类号: 

• S565.2