长期定位施用化肥对非石灰性潮土有机碳及腐殖质组分的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194632

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤有机碳和腐殖质组分受土壤自身质量、施肥管理措施等因素的影响,为明确长期化肥施用对不同土层土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤腐殖质组分含量的调控效果,在山东莱阳43 a(2021年)长期定位施肥试验,选择低量氮肥(N1)、高量氮肥(N2)、高量氮肥配施磷肥(NP)、高量氮肥配施钾肥(NK)、高氮配施磷钾肥(NPK)和不施肥对照(CK)6个处理。结果表明,与CK相比,N1能够显著提高0~5 cm的SOC含量,其增幅为22.84%,单施氮肥处理能够显著提高5~10 cm的SOC含量,N1、N2的增幅分别为20.94%,28.60%,N1能够显著提高10~20 cm的SOC含量,增幅为17.05%,而其他处理无显著变化。化肥施用能够改变土壤腐殖质组分含量,与CK相比,N1可以显著提高10~20 cm和20~30 cm土层胡敏酸(HA)的含量,增幅分别为22.86%,40.49%,而0~10 cm土层无显著变化;NP可以显著提高0~5 cm,5~10 cm土层富里酸(FA)含量,增幅分别为89.44%和124.63%,NK可以显著提高10~20 cm土层FA的含量,增幅为100.22%,NPK可以显著提高20~30 cm土层FA的含量,增幅为107.48%;N1可以显著提高0~5 cm土层胡敏素(Hu)的含量,增幅为69.34%,N2可以显著提高5~10 cm土层Hu的含量,增幅为66.18%,N1可以显著提高10~20 cm土层Hu的含量,增幅为79.50%,而20~30 cm土层无显著变化。综上表明,在本试验条件下,长期施用化肥可以有效提高非石灰性潮土的土壤有机碳的固定、改变土壤腐殖质组分,且不同的施肥策略影响存在较大差异,其中单施氮肥处理的固碳量效果较好。

关键词: 长期定位施肥, 非石灰性潮土, 土壤有机碳, 腐殖质

Abstract:

Soil organic carbon and humus components are affected by soil quality,fertilization management measures and other factors.In order to clarify the regulation effect of long-term chemical fertilizer application on soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil humus components in different soil layers,a 43 a(2021)long-term fertilization experiment was conducted in Laiyang,Shandong Province.Six treatments were selected:low nitrogen fertilizer(N1),high nitrogen fertilizer(N2),high nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus fertilizer(NP),high nitrogen fertilizer combined with potassium fertilizer(NK),high nitrogen combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer(NPK)and no fertilizer control(CK).The results showed that compared with CK,N1 could significantly increase the SOC content of 0—5 cm,with an increase of 22.84%.Single nitrogen fertilizer treatment could significantly increase the SOC content of 5—10 cm,with an increase of 20.94% and 28.60% in N1 and N2,respectively.N1 could significantly increase the SOC content of 10—20 cm,with an increase of 17.05%,while other treatments had no significant change.Compared with CK,N1 could significantly increase the content of humic acid(HA)in 10—20 cm and 20—30 cm soil layers,with an increase of 22.86% and 40.49%,respectively,while there was no significant change in 0—10 cm soil layer.NP could significantly increase the content of fulvic acid(FA)in 0—5 cm and 5—10 cm soil layers by 89.44% and 124.63%,respectively.NK could significantly increase the content of FA in 10—20 cm soil layer by 100.22%,and NPK could significantly increase the content of FA in 20—30 cm soil layer by 107.48%.N1 could significantly increase the content of humin(Hu)in 0—5 cm soil layer,with an increase of 69.34%.N2 could significantly increase the content of Hu in 5—10 cm soil layer,with an increase of 66.18%.N1 could significantly increase the content of Hu in 10—20 cm soil layer,with an increase of 79.50%,while there was no significant change in 20—30 cm soil layer.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,long-term application of chemical fertilizers can effectively improve the fixation of soil organic carbon in non-calcareous fluvo-aquic soil and change the composition of soil humus,and the effects of different fertilization strategies are quite different.Among them,the effect of single application of nitrogen fertilizer on carbon sequestration is better.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Noncalcareous fluvo-aquic soil, Soil organic carbon, Humus component

王均艳, 魏文良, 牛云梦, 崔浩, 孙筱璐, 徐学磊, 刘树堂. 长期定位施用化肥对非石灰性潮土有机碳及腐殖质组分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(4): 179-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194632.

WANG Junyan, WEI Wenliang, NIU Yunmeng, CUI Hao, SUN Xiaolu, XU Xuelei, LIU Shutang. Effects of Long-term Application of Chemical Fertilizers on Organic Carbon and Humus Composition in Noncalcareous Fluvo-aquic Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 179-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194632.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I4/179

图/表 8

表1 试验处理

Tab.1 Experimental treatment kg/hm²

处理 Treatment	施肥量Fertilizer amount
处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
CK	0	0	0
N1	138	0	0
N2	276	0	0
NP	276	90	0
NK	276	0	135
NPK	276	90	135

表2 不同施肥处理对各土层土壤有机碳含量的影响

Tab.2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil organic carbon content in each soil layer g/kg

处理 Treatment	土层Soil layer
处理 Treatment	0~5 cm	5~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm
CK	8.07±0.31bc	7.63±0.13c	7.41±0.39bc	4.24±0.63a
N1	9.91±0.59a	9.22±0.26ab	8.68±0.97a	4.31±0.79a
N2	9.06±0.83ab	9.81±0.39a	7.66±0.55b	4.78±0.28a
NP	8.77±0.62b	7.77±1.18c	7.46±0.19bc	4.45±0.57a
NK	7.16±0.41c	7.78±0.57c	6.60±0.10c	5.16±0.35a
NPK	8.28±0.38b	8.58±0.13bc	7.48±0.13bc	4.58±0.06a

图1 不同施肥处理对不同土层水溶性物质(WSS)含量的影响不同小写字母表示各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—5同。

Fig.1 The effects of different fertilization treatments on the content of water soluble substances(WSS)in different soil layers Different lowercase letters indicated significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—5.

图2 不同施肥处理对不同土层可提取腐殖物质(HE)含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the content of extractable humic substances (HE) in different soil layers

图3 不同施肥处理对不同土层胡敏酸(HA)含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on humic acid(HA)content in different soil layers

图4 不同施肥处理对不同土层富里酸(FA)含量的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the content of fulvic acid(FA)in different soil layers

图5 不同施肥处理对不同土层胡敏素(Hu)含量的影响

Fig.5 Effects of different fertilization treatments on humin(Hu)content in different soil layers

表3 土壤腐殖质组分与SOC的相关性分析

Tab.3 Correlation analysis between soil humus components and SOC

指标 Indexes	土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon	水溶性物质 Water soluble substances	可提取腐殖物质 Extractable humic substances	胡敏酸 Humic acid	富里酸 Fulvic acid	胡敏素 Humin
土壤有机碳Soil organic carbon	1.000
水溶性物质Water soluble substances	0.459^**	1.000
可提取腐殖物质Extractable humic substances	0.624^**	0.532^**	1.000
胡敏酸Humic acid	0.640^**	0.163	0.333^**	1.000
富里酸Fulvic acid	0.299^*	0.506^**	0.813^**	-0.051	1.000
胡敏素Humin	0.804^**	0.468^**	0.664^**	0.517^**	0.448^**	1.000

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