多熟复种模式提高南方稻田土壤团聚体稳定性以及有机碳含量

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究长期不同多熟复种模式对稻田土壤结构及有机碳分布的影响。以空闲-早稻-晚稻(WF-R-R)模式为对照,设置油菜-早稻-晚稻(RP-R-R)、紫云英-早稻-晚稻(MV-R-R)、马铃薯-早稻-晚稻(PO-R-R)、黑麦草-早稻-晚稻(RG-R-R)4种多熟模式。结果表明,在5~10 cm土层,多熟模式均增加了>2 mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量;其中,RG-R-R模式比对照显著高11.26百分点,平均重量直径(MWD)显著高于对照。在0~5 cm土层中,多熟模式均提高了有机碳含量;在0~20 cm土层中RG-R-R模式SOC含量最高,在各土层中的SOC含量较对照分别增加9.57% (0~5 cm),4.45% (5~10 cm),5.96% (10~20 cm)。随着土层加深以及团聚体粒级下降,多熟模式模式下土壤有机碳含量较对照增加的越明显,在<0.053mm粒级下,RG-R-R模式的土壤有机碳含量显著高于对照。土壤团聚体有机碳的贡献率主要来自>2 mm粒级(59.03%~79.33%),在5~10 cm土层中,其中RP-R-R、MV-R-R、PO-R-R、RG-R-R模式的>2 mm粒级中团聚体碳的贡献率较对照显著提高了5.48,8.50,7.18,14.65百分点。综上,在本研究中,采用黑麦草-早稻-晚稻(RG-R-R)模式有利于南方稻田土壤团聚体稳定和有机碳的固定。

关键词: 稻田, 冬种绿肥, 多熟复种模式, 土壤团聚体, 土壤有机碳

Abstract:

To explore the effects of long-term multi-cropping patterns on soil structure and organic carbon distribution in paddy fields. With fallow-rice-rice (WF-R-R) model as the control, four multi-cropping models were set up: rape-rice-ric (RP-R-R), Chinese milk vetch-rice-rice (MV-R-R), Potato-rice-rice (PO-R-R), ryegrass-rice-rice (RG-R-R). The results showed that in 5—10 cm soil layer, the contents of water-stable aggregates with size of >2 mm were increased in the multi-cropping pattern. The RG-R-R mode was 11.26 percentage points higher than the control, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) was significantly higher than the control. In 0—5 cm soil layer, the organic carbon content was increased by multi-cropping mode. The SOC content in RG-R-R mode was the highest in 0—20 cm soil layer, and the SOC content in each soil layer was increased by 9.57% (0—5 cm), 4.45% (5—10 cm) and 5.96% (10—20 cm), respectively, compared with the control. With the deepening of soil layer and the decrease of aggregate particle size, the soil organic carbon content in the multi-cropping model increased more significantly than that in the control. When the size was <0.053 mm, the soil organic carbon content in the RG-R-R model was significantly higher than that in the control. The contribution rate of soil aggregate organic carbon mainly came from the >2 mm grain size (59.03%—79.33%). In the 5—10 cm soil layer, the contribution rate of aggregate carbon in the >2 mm size of MV-R-R, PO-R-R and RG-R-R models was significantly increased by 8.5, 7.18 and 14.65 percentage points compared with the control. In conclusion, in this study, the ryegrass-rice-rice (RG-R-R) model was conducive to soil aggregate stability and organic carbon fixation in southern paddy fields.

Key words: Paddy field, Planting green manure in winter, Multiple cropping model, Soil aggregates, Soil organic carbon

张玮, 周梦瑶, 张乐妍, 熊瑞, 郭慧娟, 徐莹, 傅志强, 龙攀. 多熟复种模式提高南方稻田土壤团聚体稳定性以及有机碳含量[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 331-338. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194109.

ZHANG Wei, ZHOU Mengyao, ZHANG Leyan, XIONG Rui, GUO Huijuan, XU Ying, FU Zhiqiang, LONG Pan. Improving the Stability of Soil Aggregates and the Content of Organic Carbon in Paddy Fields in Southern China by Multiple Cropping Mode[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 331-338. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194109.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/331

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment	冬作季Winter season		早稻Early rice season		晚稻Late rice season		总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
处理 Treatment	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
WF-R-R	—	—	5 528.20	2 215.15	7 707.33	3 088.33	5 303.48
RG-R-R	4 483.33	1 689.77	4 384.80	1 749.97	7 254.33	2 895.20	6 334.94
PO-R-R	1 583.33	633.17	5 197.20	2 117.86	7 018.33	2 859.97	5 611.00
RP-R-R	3 550.00	1 427.81	5 108.40	2 100.57	7 030.33	2 890.87	6 419.25
MV-R-R	3 500.00	1 399.65	5 801.60	2 404.76	7 930.20	3 287.07	7 091.48

处理 Treatment	冬作季Winter season		早稻Early rice season		晚稻Late rice season		总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
处理 Treatment	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	秸秆还田量 Amount of straws return	还碳量 Amount of carbon return	总还碳量 Total amount of carbon return
WF-R-R	—	—	5 528.20	2 215.15	7 707.33	3 088.33	5 303.48
RG-R-R	4 483.33	1 689.77	4 384.80	1 749.97	7 254.33	2 895.20	6 334.94
PO-R-R	1 583.33	633.17	5 197.20	2 117.86	7 018.33	2 859.97	5 611.00
RP-R-R	3 550.00	1 427.81	5 108.40	2 100.57	7 030.33	2 890.87	6 419.25
MV-R-R	3 500.00	1 399.65	5 801.60	2 404.76	7 930.20	3 287.07	7 091.48

土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	团聚体质量百分比 Proportion of soil aggregates
土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm	R_0.25
0~5	WF-R-R	70.55±0.9bc	17.22±1.16a	5.58±1.17a	6.66±1.05bc	87.77±0.28ab
	RG-R-R	65.93±2.33c	18.40±1.86a	5.70±0.85a	9.98±1.47a	84.33±2.33c
	PO-R-R	77.03±3.79a	12.05±2.01b	4.96±0.70a	5.97±1.54c	89.08±2.21ab
	RP-R-R	78.86±4.16a	10.94±2.37b	4.26±1.02a	5.95±0.86c	89.80±1.83a
	MV-R-R	71.89±1.11b	14.06±0.01b	5.29±0.89a	8.77±0.69ab	85.95±1.12bc
5~10	WF-R-R	58.98±1.18b	21.17±1.73a	9.36±0.18a	10.49±1.85ab	80.15±1.76a
	RG-R-R	65.62±2.94a	16.13±1.02b	8.51±0.13a	9.74±2.24b	81.75±2.30a
	PO-R-R	60.72±0.94b	19.56±0.93a	6.96±0.94b	12.76±1.13a	80.29±0.71a
	RP-R-R	60.26±2.09b	21.08±2.08a	6.91±0.54b	11.76±0.30ab	81.34±0.35a
	MV-R-R	62.26±0.93b	19.31±1.29a	9.38±0.64a	9.04±0.39b	81.58±0.60a
10~20	WF-R-R	57.07±1.04a	22.91±1.87a	9.91±1.50a	10.12±1.46a	79.97±2.90a
	RG-R-R	57.02±2.54a	22.88±2.54a	9.16±1.90a	10.95±1.61a	79.90±3.48a
	PO-R-R	56.18±0.11a	23.14±0.83a	11.06±0.58a	9.63±1.14a	79.32±0.80a
	RP-R-R	57.35±2.32a	21.05±2.76a	10.02±0.97a	11.59±2.47a	78.39±3.42a
	MV-R-R	56.40±1.15a	22.07±2.38a	9.67±0.12a	11.87±2.41a	78.47±2.53a

土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	团聚体质量百分比 Proportion of soil aggregates
土层/cm Soil depth	处理 Treatments	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm	R_0.25
0~5	WF-R-R	70.55±0.9bc	17.22±1.16a	5.58±1.17a	6.66±1.05bc	87.77±0.28ab
	RG-R-R	65.93±2.33c	18.40±1.86a	5.70±0.85a	9.98±1.47a	84.33±2.33c
	PO-R-R	77.03±3.79a	12.05±2.01b	4.96±0.70a	5.97±1.54c	89.08±2.21ab
	RP-R-R	78.86±4.16a	10.94±2.37b	4.26±1.02a	5.95±0.86c	89.80±1.83a
	MV-R-R	71.89±1.11b	14.06±0.01b	5.29±0.89a	8.77±0.69ab	85.95±1.12bc
5~10	WF-R-R	58.98±1.18b	21.17±1.73a	9.36±0.18a	10.49±1.85ab	80.15±1.76a
	RG-R-R	65.62±2.94a	16.13±1.02b	8.51±0.13a	9.74±2.24b	81.75±2.30a
	PO-R-R	60.72±0.94b	19.56±0.93a	6.96±0.94b	12.76±1.13a	80.29±0.71a
	RP-R-R	60.26±2.09b	21.08±2.08a	6.91±0.54b	11.76±0.30ab	81.34±0.35a
	MV-R-R	62.26±0.93b	19.31±1.29a	9.38±0.64a	9.04±0.39b	81.58±0.60a
10~20	WF-R-R	57.07±1.04a	22.91±1.87a	9.91±1.50a	10.12±1.46a	79.97±2.90a
	RG-R-R	57.02±2.54a	22.88±2.54a	9.16±1.90a	10.95±1.61a	79.90±3.48a
	PO-R-R	56.18±0.11a	23.14±0.83a	11.06±0.58a	9.63±1.14a	79.32±0.80a
	RP-R-R	57.35±2.32a	21.05±2.76a	10.02±0.97a	11.59±2.47a	78.39±3.42a
	MV-R-R	56.40±1.15a	22.07±2.38a	9.67±0.12a	11.87±2.41a	78.47±2.53a

指标Indexes	MWD	GMD	TOC	>2 mm	>0.25~2 mm	0.053~0.25 mm	<0.053 mm
MWD	1.000
GMD	0.989^**	1.000
TOC	0.550^**	0.522^**	1.000
>2 mm	0.731^**	0.693^**	0.486^**	1.000
>0.25~2 mm	0.771^**	0.717^**	0.503^**	0.756^**	1.000
0.053~0.25 mm	0.736^**	0.697^**	0.513^**	0.843^**	0.790^**	1.000
<0.053 mm	0.836^**	0.784^**	0.611^**	0.883^**	0.828^**	0.841^**	1.000

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