摘要： 为探寻夏玉米高产栽培可借鉴的高效生产管理方法和显著提高其产量，采用对比研究方法，明确了河北省夏玉米生产中高产模式和农户生产模式间群体结构、产量形成的差异。结果表明，高产模式比农户生产模式产量提高了21.4%，原因在于高产模式下82 000穗/hm²以上的有效穗数和近350 g的千粒质量，但高产模式的单穗粒数不占优势。高产模式下夏玉米具有较高的穗高系数，倒伏风险也随之加大。高产模式吐丝期叶面积指数在6.3以上、全生育期总光合势在300万（m²·d）/hm²以上，且花后光合势占总光合势的75%以上，吐丝后光合势较农户栽培模式提高了38.4%。高产模式下茎叶干物质向籽粒转移量显著高于农户生产模式，而农户生产模式因籽粒的灌浆活跃期较短而出现干物质在茎叶中的积累现象。收获时高产模式下群体干物质达到24 296 kg/hm²，收获指数为54.43%。每生产100 kg籽粒对氮磷钾的需求量高产模式下分别为1.93，1.19，1.85 kg，与农户生产模式相比，高产模式对钾素和磷素的相对需求比例增高，氮素需求量则有所降低。

关键词: 高产夏玉米, 群体结构, 产量形成, 河北省

Abstract: In order to find out a referential efficient summer maize planting process and increase its grain yield effectively,with a comparative analysis method the difference of population structure and yield formation between high-yield mode of summer maize production and farmers' practice was cleared in Hebei Province.The results indicated that compared with farmers' practice,the output of high-yield mode increased by 21.4%,which resulted from more than 82 000 ears per ha and nearly 350 g of 1000-grain weight.In high-yield mode,due to the higher ear height index of summer maize the risk of lodging increased.The leaf area index (LAI) at silking stage was above 6.3,total leaf area duration in the whole growing period was more than 3 million (m²·d)/ha in high-yield production mode,more than 75% of which was in post-anthesis.After silking,the leaf area duration increased by 38.4% compared with farmers' practice.In high-yield mode,the dry matter transferred from stem and leaf to grain was significantly higher than farmers' practice in which dry matter accumulated in stem and leaf because the active period of grain filling was shorter.In high-yield production mode,the dry matter of population was up to 24 296 kg/ha at harvest and the harvest index achieved 54.43%.In the demand of N,P,K,for each 100 kg grain production,in high-yield production mode was 1.93,1.19,1.85 kg,respectively.Compared with the farmers' practice,the demand of potassium and phosphorus relatively increased,while nitrogen demand decreased slightly in high-yield mode.

Key words: High-yield summer maize, Population structure, Yield formation, Hebei Province

中图分类号: 

• S513.01