摘要： 为了探讨不同施肥对土壤钾素的变化规律,基于连续进行36年的长期定位试验,研究了长期定位单施氮肥和有机肥配施氮肥对无石灰性潮土全钾及不同形态钾的含量影响。结果表明:连续单施高量氮肥与对照相比水溶性钾降低了0.09 mg/kg,交换性钾降低了16.34 mg/kg,速效钾降低了3.61 mg/kg,缓效钾降低了12.3 mg/kg,全钾降低了2.1 g/kg。而长期高量有机肥配施低量氮肥与对照相比,水溶性钾增加了1.28 mg/kg,高量有机肥配施高量氮肥与对照相比,交换性钾增加了27.22 mg/kg;而单施有机肥、有机肥配施氮肥土壤速效钾、缓效钾和全钾的含量均呈增加趋势。土壤速效钾与有机质和阳离子代换量显著相关。这表明长期单施氮肥不利于土壤各形态钾素及全钾的积累,单施有机肥或有机肥配施氮肥有利于提高无石灰性潮土中各形态及全钾的含量。

关键词: 长期定位施肥, 无石灰性潮土, 钾素演变, 钾素形态

Abstract: In order to investigate the variation of different fertilization on soil potassium, the effect of long-term fertilization of nitrogen (N) organic manure(M) or manure with nitrogen (MN) on the amounts of total potassium and different forms of potassium in non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil was studied based on 36 years of long-term experiment. The results showed that the amounts of potassium decreased with long-term fertilization of high rate of nitrogen (N₂) fertiliz- er,compared to control treatment (CK) the water soluble potassium, exchangeable potassium, available potassium, non- exchangeable potassium and total potassium were decreased for 0. 09 mg/kg,16. 34 mg/kg,3. 61 mg/kg,12. 3 mg/kg,2. 1 g/kg,respectively. Compared to control treatment (CK),the increase in water soluble potassium was 1. 28 mg/kg and ex- changeable potassium was 27. 22 mg/kg for high rate of organic manure (M₂) with low and high rate of nitrogen (N₁or N₂) . However,the available potassium,non-exchangeable potassium and total potassium trended to increase with continue fertilization. The available potassium was correlated to soil organic matter (SOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) . It suggests that the M or MN fertilizer is good for increasing different forms of potassium and total potassium in non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil, but not the fertilization of single N fertilizer.

Key words: Long term fertilization, Non-calcareous fluro-aquic soil, Potassium dynamics, Potassium form

中图分类号: 

• S147.3