西藏日喀则地区辣椒根腐病病原菌鉴定与致病性评价

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195736

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为检测和鉴定引起西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病病原菌种类,2024年7—9月从西藏日喀则白朗县巴扎乡彭仓村、桑珠孜区聂日雄乡盘孔村、江孜县达孜乡德吉村和拉孜县拉孜镇玉哲村4个区域采集了16份辣椒感病植株样品。采用常规组织分离法对发病部位进行病原菌分离与培养后得到25株病原真菌,利用显微形态学观察将分离物代表菌株分为LJ1、LJ2和LJ3 共3类真菌分离物。结合分子生物学方法及系统发育树构建,将LJ1类病原菌鉴定为镰孢菌属茄病镰孢菌,LJ2类病原菌为丝核菌属立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGⅠ亚群(Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ),LJ3类病原菌为镰孢菌属尖孢镰孢菌。采用幼苗刺伤接种法进行病原菌致病性评价,3类真菌分离物均能够侵染辣椒幼苗造成根腐病,且尖孢镰孢菌致病性最强。日喀则各地辣椒根腐病病原菌优势菌有差异,尖孢镰孢菌是优势致病菌,分离频率为52.0%;茄病镰孢菌分离频率为32.0%;立枯丝核菌分离频率为16.0%。西藏日喀则地区的辣椒根腐病是由尖孢镰孢菌、茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群复合侵染导致,茄病镰孢菌和立枯丝核菌AG-4菌丝融合群的HGI亚群均是首次在西藏被分离鉴定。

关键词: 辣椒根腐病, 尖孢镰孢菌, 茄病镰孢菌, 立枯丝核菌AG 4 HG-Ⅰ, 致病性

Abstract:

To detect and identify the pathogenic species of pepper root rot in Xigaze,Tibet,16 samples of chili root susceptible plants were collected from four districts,namely,Pengcang village,Bazha township,Bailang county;Pankong village,Nerixiong township,Sangzhuzi District;Deji village,Dazi township,Jiangzi county;and Yuze village,Lazi township,Lazi county,Tibet,from July to September 2024.A total of 25 strains of pathogenic fungi were isolated and purified by conventional tissue isolation method,and 3 types of fungal isolates were grouped into LJ1,LJ2 and LJ3.Using molecular biology and phylogenetic analysis,LJ1 was identified as Fusarium solani,LJ2 as Rhizoctonia solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ,and LJ3 as Fusarium oxysporum.The pathogenicity of the fungi was evaluated by the seedling prick inoculation method.All three types of fungal isolates were able to infect pepper seedlings causing root rot,and F.oxysporum had the strongest pathogenicity.There were differences in the dominant fungal pathogens of pepper root rot across Xigaze,with F.oxysporum being the dominant pathogen with 52.0% isolation frequency, F.solani with 32.0% isolation frequency and R.solani with 16.0% isolation frequency.The root rot of pepper in the Xigaze region of Tibet was caused by a complex infection of F.oxysporum,F.solani, and R.solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ,both F.solani and R.solani AG 4 HG-Ⅰ were isolated and identified for the first time in Tibet.

Key words: Pepper root rot, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani AG4HG-Ⅰ, Pathogenicity

中图分类号:

李欣, 格桑旺姆, 王冠杰, 谢学文, 石延霞, 李磊, 范腾飞, 李宝聚, 柴阿丽. 西藏日喀则地区辣椒根腐病病原菌鉴定与致病性评价[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(1): 194-201. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195736.

LI Xin, Gesang Wangmu, WANG Guanjie, XIE Xuewen, SHI Yanxia, LI Lei, FAN Tengfei, LI Baoju, CHAI Ali. Identification and Pathogenicity Evaluation of Pepper Root Rot Pathogens in Xigaze Area,Tibet[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(1): 194-201. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195736.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I1/194

图/表 9

图1 辣椒根腐病田间症状 A.发病植株;B.病株茎基部表面症状;C.病株茎基内部症状。

Fig.1 Field symptoms of pepper root rot A.Diseased pepper plant;B.Surface symptoms at the base of the diseased stem;C.Internal symptoms at the base of the diseased stem.

表1 日喀则不同地区辣椒根腐病病原菌菌株分离情况

Tab.1 Isolation of pepper root rot strains in different regions of Xigaze

采集地 Collection location	菌株 Strains
采集地 Collection location	LJ1	LJ2	LJ3
白朗县巴扎乡彭仓村 Pengcang village, Bazha township, Bailang county	4	2	5
桑珠孜区聂日雄乡盘孔村 Pankong village, Nerixiong township, Sangzhuzi District	2	1	3
江孜县达孜乡德吉村 Deji village, Dazi township, Jiangzi county	0	1	2
拉孜县拉孜镇玉哲村 Yuzhe village, Lazi township, Lazi county	2	0	3
合计Total	8	4	13

图2 茄病镰孢菌形态特征 A.菌落形态;B.大型分生孢子及分生孢子座;C.小型分生孢子。

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of Fusarium solani A.Colony morphology;B.Macroconidia and sporidochium;C.Microconidia.

图3 立枯丝核菌形态特征 A.菌落形态;B.菌丝形态;C.菌丝体膨大。

Fig.3 Morphological characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani A.Colony morphology;B.Mycelial morphology;C.Mycelial expansion.

图4 尖孢镰孢菌形态特征 A.菌落形态;B.大型分生孢子;C.小型分生孢子;D.厚垣孢子。

Fig.4 Morphological characteristics of Fusarium oxysporum A.Colony morphology;B.Macroconidia;C.Microconidia;D.Chlamydospores.

图5 基于ITS和TEF-1α基因序列联合构建的镰孢菌系统发育树

Fig.5 Phylogenetic analysis of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum based on ITS and TEF-1α genes

图6 基于ITS和TEF-1α基因序列联合构建的立枯丝核菌系统发育树

Fig.6 Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizoctonia solani based on ITS and TEF-1α genes

图7 辣椒苗致病性试验接种7 d发病症状 A.健康对照与接种病原菌7 d 的辣椒幼苗整体症状;B.健康幼苗根系形态;C.接种病原菌7 d幼苗根系症状。

Fig.7 Symptoms observed in pathogenicity tests at 7 days after inoculation A.Overall symptoms of healthy plants and pepper seedlings inoculated with pathogen at 7 days;B.Root morphology of healthy seedlings;C.Symptoms of the root system of seedlings inoculated with pathogen at 7 days.

图8 日喀则地区辣椒根腐病病原菌分布

Fig.8 Distribution of pathogens of pepper root rot in the Xigaze Region

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