齐口裂腹鱼形态特征及同工酶标记筛选

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195714

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解齐口裂腹鱼的种质特性,为其种质鉴定提供理论依据。采用传统形态学方法观测样品形态特征,借助聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法观测齐口裂腹鱼心脏、肌肉、眼晶状体、肝脏和肾脏的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)。结果表明:齐口裂腹鱼的主要形态特征:体长,稍侧扁;口下位,横裂,吻钝圆;下颌前缘具锐利的角质,吻须和口角须各1对,口角须位于吻须后方;背鳍鳍式D.ⅲ-8,样本鱼背鳍不分枝鳍条柔弱,其后缘光滑或仅有少数锯齿痕;胸鳍鳍式P.i-18~20,腹鳍鳍式V.i-9~10,臀鳍鳍式A.ⅲ-5,臀鳍和肛门两侧各具一排大鳞;鳔2室,后室较前室长;腹膜黑色;脊椎骨总数为4+40~45;下咽齿3行,齿式为2·3·5/5·3·2。齐口裂腹鱼LDH和MDH同工酶的表达具有组织特异性,不同组织同工酶的表达与其执行生理功能密切相关;肝脏LDH的表达由3个基因即LDHA、LDHB和LDHC编码,其中LDHC编码的酶带偏向阴极。眼晶状体中的LDH酶带条数为5条,表达稳定,建议将眼晶状体LDH作为齐口裂腹鱼种质鉴定时的生化遗传标记。

关键词: 齐口裂腹鱼, 形态特征, 乳酸脱氢酶, 苹果酸脱氢酶, 种质鉴定

Abstract:

To understand the germplasm characteristics of Schizothorax prenanti and provide a theoretical basis for its germplasm identification,traditional morphological methods were employed to observe the morphological features,and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study the characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in the heart,muscle,eye lens,liver,and kidney tissues.The results showed that the main morphological characteristics of S.prenanti were as follows:elongated body with a slightly laterally compressed shape;inferior mouth with a transverse fissure and a blunt,rounded snout;a sharp keratinous edge on the anterior margin of the lower jaw,one pair of barbels on the snout and one pair at the corners of the mouth,with the latter located posterior to the former;dorsal fin formula D.ⅲ-8,with the undivided fin rays of the dorsal fin in sample fish being weak and having a smooth posterior margin or only a few serrations;pectoral fin formula P.i-18-20,pelvic fin formula V.i-9-10,and anal fin formula A.ⅲ-5,with a row of large scales on each side of the anal fin and anus;a two-chambered swim bladder,with the posterior chamber longer than the anterior one;a black peritoneum;a total of 4+40-45 vertebrae;three rows of pharyngeal teeth with a dental formula of 2·3·5/5·3·2.The expression of LDH and MDH isozymes in S.prenanti exhibited tissue specificity,with the expression patterns in different tissues closely related to their physiological functions.LDH expression in the liver was encoded by three genes,namely LDHA,LDHB,and LDHC,and the enzyme band encoded by LDHC tending towards the cathode.There were five LDH enzyme bands in the eye lens,with stable expression.Therefore,it is recommended to use LDH in the eye lens as a biochemical genetic marker for germplasm identification of S.prenanti.

Key words: Schizothorax prenanti, Morphological characteristics, Lactate dehydrogenase, Malate dehydrogenase, Germplasm identification

中图分类号:

S917.4水产动物学

张涛, 周剑光, 张林. 齐口裂腹鱼形态特征及同工酶标记筛选[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 346-352. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195714.

ZHANG Tao, ZHOU Jianguang, ZHANG Lin. The Morphological Characteristics and Screening of Isozymes Marker of Schizothorax prenanti[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 346-352. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195714.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/346

图/表 7

图1 齐口裂腹鱼外观形态

Fig.1 Morphological measurement of S.prenanti

表1 齐口裂腹鱼的可数性状

Tab.1 Countable parameters of S.prenanti

指标 Item	范围 Scale	均值 Average
胸鳍分支鳍条数 Number of branched pectoral fin	18~20	19.03±0.85
腹鳍分支鳍条数 Number of ventral fin	9~10	9.47±0.51
侧线上鳞数 Number of scals above the lateral line	17~25	20.53±2.01
侧线下鳞数 Number of scals beneath the lateral line	14~20	16.73±1.41
左侧第一鳃弓外鳃耙数 Number of outer gill rakers on the left first gill arch	15~23	18.67±1.97
脊椎骨数 Number of spines	42~45	43.67±1.21

表2 齐口裂腹鱼的可量性状

Tab.2 Body size parameters ratio of S.prenanti

指标 Item	范围 Scale	均值 Average
体长/体高(SL/BD) Standard length/Body depth	3.98~4.98	4.47±0.27
体长/头长(SL/HL) Standard length/Head length	4.90~5.52	5.23±0.17
体长/尾柄长(SL/CL) Standard length/Caudal length	4.66~5.88	5.15±0.27
体长/尾柄高(SL/CD) Standard length/Caudal depth	9.20~11.78	10.25±0.72
头长/吻长(HL/PL) Head length/Proboscis length	2.79~3.73	3.14±0.21
头长/眼径(HL/ED) Head length/Eye diameter	3.56~4.57	4.02±0.21
头长/眼间距(HL/EI) Head length/Eye interval	2.23~2.90	2.45±0.12
头长/口角须长(HL/BL) Head length/Beard length	3.63~5.91	4.72±0.49
头长/吻须长(HL/RBL) Head length/Rostral barbel length	4.36~8.57	5.53±0.90
尾柄长/尾柄高(CL/CD) Caudal length/Caudal depth	1.70~2.48	2.00±0.19

图2 齐口裂腹鱼体长与体质量之间的关系

Fig.2 Relationships between standard length and body weight of S.prenanti

图3 齐口裂腹鱼LDH电泳图谱 A、B、C、D和E分别示心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的LDH电泳图谱。1~5泳道分别表示不同个体的酶谱。

Fig.3 Electrophoretogram of LDH isozymes in S.prenanti A,B,C,D and E show electrophoretograms of LDH isozymes expressed in heart,eye lens,muscle,liver and kidney of S.prenanti,respectively.1-5 show the zymograms of different individuals.

图4 齐口裂腹鱼眼晶状体LDH电泳图谱 1~10泳道分别表示不同样本的酶谱。

Fig.4 Electrophoretogram of LDH isozymes expressed in the eyes lens of the S.prenanti 1-10 show the zymograms of different samples.

图5 齐口裂腹鱼MDH电泳图谱 A、B、C、D和E分别示心脏、眼睛晶状体、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的MDH电泳图谱。1~5泳道分别表示不同个体的酶谱。

Fig.5 Electrophoretogram of MDH isozymes in S.prenanti A,B,C,D and E show electrophoretograms of MDH isozymes expressed in heart,eye lens,muscle,liver and kidney of S.prenanti,respectively.1-5 show the zymograms of different individuals.

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