摘要： 旨在通过分子水平和组织学水平阐明牦牛不同被毛颜色的机理。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测皮肤组织中决定色素形成通路中的主效基因：鼠灰色基因（Agouti signaling protein gene（ASIP），Agouti）、小眼畸形相关转录因子（Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor，MITF）、黑色素皮质素受体1基因（Melanocortin 1 receptor，MC1R）和酪氨酸酶基因（Tyrosinasegene，TYR）表达量。结果表明：MC1R表达量在黑色毛色高于白色毛色；MITF表达量在黑色毛色与白色毛色中差异明显；ASIP表达量在白色毛色和黑色毛色中差异不显著；TYR表达量在天祝纯白被毛中表达量是大通纯黑被毛的2.87倍，这与有色被毛高表达的结果相反，TYR的表达量对牦牛黑色素的合成影响有待深入研究。采用石蜡切片制作方法，用HE和甲苯胺蓝染色。通过显微镜观察发现牦牛毛囊是由毛鞘、毛乳头和毛球外面周围的结缔组织形成的。在天祝白牦牛的表皮和毛囊周围发现分布着大量的黑色素细胞，同时发现有少量的黑色素颗粒存在。大通牦牛的毛囊和表皮黑色素细胞中均发现有黑色素的存在。黑色被毛毛囊中与毛发相连毛乳头附近的黑色素含量比毛囊周围其他部位含量高。大通牦牛的毛囊群比天祝牦牛毛囊群密集，毛囊的直径比天祝长，毛发较粗。大通牦牛毛囊周围黑色素细胞比天祝白牦牛密集，细胞核大，而且更为明显。

关键词: 牦牛, 毛色基因, 定量表达, 石蜡切片, 黑色素

Abstract: The test was to through the molecular level and histological level shed light the different mechanism of coat color in yak. The experiment adopted the Real-time fluorescent quantitive PCR technique to detect the skin tissue determines the main effect of pigment formation pathway genes:gray mouse gene (agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP),Agouti),small eye malformation associated transcription factor (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, MITF),melanin cortisol receptor 1 gene (melanocortin receptor 1, MC1R) and tyrosine enzyme gene (tyrosinase gene, TYR) expression.The results showed that the MC1R expression quantity in black the color was higher than the white color;MITF expression quantity in the black coat with white color difference was obvious; ASIP expression quantity in white color and black color was not different; TYR expression quantity in Tianzhu white coat was Datong pure black coat 2.87 times,this result was opposite the colored coat with high expression result,the TYR expression quantity of yak melanin synthesis effect remained to be further research.Test made by paraffin section method,using HE and toluidine blue staining.Mammalian hair by hair follicle growth and development of derivatives,the melanothore mainly distributed in the epidermis and hair follicles.Through microscope found the yak hair follicle was made up of wool sheath,hair papilla and connective tissue around the group formed outside the bulb.A lot of melanothores were found in skin and around hair follicels in Tianzhu white yak,and found that there was a small amount of melanin granules.Melanin granules were found in hair follicle and epidermis melanothore in Datong yak.The melanin content near the hair dermal papilla was higher than other parts around the hair follicle in black coat hair follicle.Datong yak hair follicle group was more serried than Tianzhu yak hair follicle group,and the diameter of the hair follicle was longer than Tianzhu yak,with thicker hair.The melanin cell around the hair follicle of Datong yak was denser than Tianzhu yak,and the nucleus was larger,and more obvious.

Key words: Yak, Genes about colour, RT-PCR, Paraffin section, Melanin

中图分类号: 

• Q78

• S823