摘要： 为提高氮素的利用率和经济效益，减少氮素对环境和地下水产生的污染，以河北露地蔬菜土壤为研究对象，采用田间定位试验和室内分析相结合的方法，研究不同氮肥用量对甘蓝及白菜产量、氮肥利用效率、土壤硝态氮含量和硝态氮淋溶的特征及影响因素。结果表明：施氮量、降雨量和灌溉方式对硝态氮的淋失有显著影响，施氮量越高，土壤及淋溶液硝态氮含量越高、蔬菜产量及氮肥利用率越低、氮淋失风险越大。其中，优化施氮量OPT处理效果最明显，与农民习惯用量FP相比，产量增加9.2%、氮肥利用率提高8.3%~30.6%、土壤及淋溶液硝态氮的含量分别降低1.3%和43.2%。综合经济效益与生态效益，优化施氮量OPT处理最为合理，是增加农民收入和环境友好型的推荐施肥量。

关键词: 露地蔬菜, 硝态氮, 淋溶特征

Abstract: In order to improve the utilization and economic efficiency of nitrogen and reduce agricultural pollution and groundwater pollution. With the soil of open-field vegetables in Hebei Province as the research object,the location experiment and laboratory analysis were carried out to investigate the effects of different fertilizations on yields, fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency, the content of NO₃^--N and nitrogen leaching. It was shown that there was significant influence of rainfall, irrigation methods and nitrogenous fertilizer on the concentration of NO₃^--N. The more nitrogen fertilizer,the higher content of NO₃^--N. The higher NO₃^--N content in soil and soil leachate indicated the lower vegetable yield nitrogen use efficiency, and the greater risk of the nitrogen leaching loss. Total N application reduced 30% than conventional fertilization and phosphoric and potassic fertilizer app location were not changed, the yield of optimization in nitrogen fertilizer was higher than conventional fertilizing, and the yield of vegetables was increased by 9.2%, and the NO₃^--N content was decreased by 1.3%-43.2%, and the application nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 8.3%-30.6% than conventional fertilizing. Compared with conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization measure improved economic and environmental benefits significantly and were recommended that could increase farmer income and environment-friendly. The nitrogen fertilization measures were recommended.

Key words: Open-field vegetables, Nitrate-N, Leaching characteristics

中图分类号: 

• S143.1