摘要： 为探索印度南瓜四倍体诱变方法,增加南瓜新的种质资源,以印度南瓜自交系M10-13-09为试材,秋水仙碱、氨磺乐灵为诱变剂对印度南瓜种子进行处理,获得同源四倍体印度南瓜,并从形态及一些生理指标上比较二倍体和四倍体的差异。发现诱变剂秋水仙碱最佳浓度为2.0 mg/mL,氨磺乐灵最佳浓度为0.05 mg/mL,其诱变率分别为0.33%和0.83%,染色体加倍后的数目为2n=4x=80,诱变剂氨磺乐灵比秋水仙碱诱变效果更好。与印度南瓜二倍体相比较,四倍体叶片变小、变厚,雌花开花节位明显降低,雄花花丝变粗,花冠颜色变深,多绒毛,生育期延长,果实表面色肋变宽,颜色变深;四倍体种子横径为1.0 cm,增加66.7%,纵径为1.2 cm,增加20%,颜色变深,发芽能力差,单果平均种子数目从122.0减少为30.3。四倍体南瓜伤流量大幅增加,光合效率增高90%,蒸腾速率增加20%,根系活力强于二倍体,果实生物总黄酮的含量增加50%。

关键词: 印度南瓜, 四倍体, 秋水仙碱, 氨磺乐灵, 诱变

Abstract: In order to explore the method of inducing the tetraploid plants and expand the new resources in pumpkin,the seeds of diploid pumpkin (C.maxima Duch.) M10-13-09 were soaked in 2.0 mg/mL concentration of colchicine and 0.05 mg/mL concentration of Oryzalin to successfully induce tetraploid plants.The morphological and physiological difference between diploid and tetraploid were investigated.The results indicated that Oryzalin was more efficient to induce tetraploid than colchicine,and their mutation rates were 0.83% and 0.33% respectively.Compared with diploid pumpkin,the growth period of tetraploid was prolonged and the plant characterized by small and thick leaves,descended female flower node position,thicker filament,and woolly dark corolla.The tetraploid fruit peel became dark with wide ribs.The transverse and longitudinal diameter of tetraploid seeds was 1.0 cm and 1.2 cm,increased 66.7% and 20% than that of diploid.The diploid seeds germination ability became more poor with dark color and number of seeds decreased from 122.0 to 30.3 per fruit.The photosynthetic rate(Pn)and transpiration rate(Tr)increased 90% and 20%.The bleeding intensity and root activity of tetraploid pumpkin were higher than those of diploid plants.The total flavonoids content of tetraploid fruits increased 50%.

Key words: Pumpkin(Cucurbita maxima), Tetraploid, Colchicine, Oryzalin, Induction

中图分类号: 

• S642.03