摘要： 为了提高土壤养分利用率,保护农田生态环境。以山东寿光种植番茄的大棚土壤为材料,研究了优化施肥下番茄根际与非根际土壤养分及酶活性的变化。结果表明,有机肥8t⁄hm²+秸秆4t⁄hm²,生育期追施150kg⁄hm²化学氮肥处理是较优的施肥模式,宜在实践中推荐运用。番茄根际中土壤有机质平均含量要高于非根际,而土壤速效磷含量低于非根际,碱解氮与速效钾在根际与非根际中差异不大。试验同时表明,脲酶和蔗糖酶对施肥影响比较敏感,其次是脱氢酶和磷酸酶,而过氧化氢酶则不敏感。番茄长期连作对多数土壤酶活性产生抑制作用。其中,对脱氢酶和磷酸酶影响较大,其次是脲酶和蔗糖酶,而对过氧化氢酶影响小。相关分析表明,土壤有机质是影响其他养分因子和土壤酶活性的关键因素,须采取各种有效措施增加土壤有机质含量,有利于改善作物生长环境,防治土壤质量退化。

关键词: 土壤养分, 酶活性, 优化施肥, 设施农业

Abstract: In order to improve the soil nutrient use efficiency and protect the farmland ecological environment soil nutrient and enzyme activity in tomato rhizosphere and non hizosphere under optimized fertilization conditions were studied by taking Greenhouse soils as research materials in Shouguang,Shandong Province. The results indicated that the treatment of 8t/ha of organic fertilizer plus 4t/ha of straw,and 150 kg/ha of chemical nitrogen added in tomato growth period was the better fertilization mode,and should be recommended appropriately in practice. The average content of soil organic matter in tomato rhizosphere was higher than that of non rhizosphere. However soil available phosphorus content was on the contrary, and available nitrogen and available potassium were with little difference in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere. The test also indicated that urease and sucrase were more sensitive to fertilization than dehydrogenase and phosphatase,and catalase was not sensitive to fertilization. Continuous planting of tomato in Greenhouse field inhibit most soil enzymatic activities. Among which, the influence on dehydrogenase and phosphatase was greater than urease and sucrase,and a little effect on catalase. Correlation analysis indicated that soil organic matter was a key factor affecting other soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities. Accordingly,various effective measures should be taken to increase soil organic matter content,to improve the crop growth environment and prevent soil quality from degradation.

Key words: Soil nutrient, Soil enzymatic activity, Optimized fertilization, Facility agriculture

中图分类号: 

• S158.1